The spatiotemporal group-level patterns of brain macrostructural development are relatively well-documented. Current research emphasizes individual variability in brain development, including its causes and consequences. Although genetic factors and prenatal and perinatal events play critical roles, calls are now made to also study brain development in transactional interplay with the different aspects of an individual's physical and social environment. Such focus is highly relevant for research on adolescence, a period involving a multitude of contextual changes paralleled by continued refinement of complex cognitive and affective neural systems. Here, we discuss associations between selected aspects of an individual's physical and social environment and adolescent brain structural development and possible links to mental health. We also touch on methodological considerations for future research.

大脑宏观结构发育的时空群体水平模式有相对充分的记录。目前的研究强调大脑发育的个体差异，包括其原因和后果。尽管遗传因素以及产前和围产期事件起着关键作用，但现在也呼吁研究大脑发育与个人身体和社会环境不同方面的交互作用。这种关注与青春期研究高度相关，青春期涉及大量情境变化，同时复杂的认知和情感神经系统不断完善。在这里，我们讨论了个人身体和社会环境的选定方面与青少年大脑结构发育之间的关联，以及与心理健康的可能联系。