It has been widely known that oxidative stress disrupts the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system in the body. During pregnancy, the physiological generation of ROS is involved in a variety of developmental processes ranging from oocyte maturation to luteolysis and embryo implantation. While abnormal overproduction of ROS disrupts these processes resulting in reproductive failure. In addition, excessive oxidative stress impairs maternal and placental functions and eventually results in fetal loss, IUGR, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Although some oxidative stress is inevitable during pregnancy, a balancing act between oxidant and antioxidant production is necessary at different stages of the pregnancy. The review aims to highlight the importance of maintaining oxidative and antioxidant balance throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in pregnancy-related diseases.

中文翻译：

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氧化应激和抗氧化平衡在妊娠中的作用

众所周知，氧化应激会破坏体内活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化系统之间的平衡。在怀孕期间，ROS 的生理生成参与了从卵母细胞成熟到黄体溶解和胚胎植入的各种发育过程。而异常过量的ROS产生会扰乱这些过程，导致生殖失败。此外，过度的氧化应激会损害母体和胎盘功能，最终导致胎儿流产、IUGR和妊娠期糖尿病。尽管一些氧化应激在怀孕期间是不可避免的，但在怀孕的不同阶段，氧化剂和抗氧化剂的产生之间的平衡是必要的。该综述旨在强调整个怀孕期间维持氧化和抗氧化平衡的重要性。此外，我们强调氧化应激在妊娠相关疾病中的作用。