Soil microbes influence the uptake of toxic metals (TMs) by changing soil characteristics, bioavailability and translocation of TMs, and soil health indicators in polluted environment. The potential effect of Streptomyces pactum (Act12) and Bacillus consortium (B. subtilis and B. licheniformis; 1:1) on soil enzymes and bacterial abundance, bioavailability and translocation of Zn and Cd by Symphytum officinale, and physiological indicators in soil acquired from Fengxian (FX) mining site. Act12 and Bacillus consortium were applied at 0 (CK), 0.50 (T1), 1.50 (T2), and 2.50 (T3) g kg⁻¹ in a split plot design and three times harvested (H). Results showed that soil pH significantly dropped, whereas, electrical conductivity increased at higher Act12 and Bacillus doses. The extractable Zn lowered and Cd increased at each harvest compared to their controls. Soil β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, urease and sucrase improved, whereas, dehydrogenase reduced in harvest 2 and 3 (H2 and H3) as compared to harvest 1 (H1) after Act12 and Bacillus treatments. The main soil phyla individually contributed ∼5–55.6%. Soil bacterial communities’ distribution was also altered by Act12 and Bacillus amendments. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes increased, whereas, the Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes decreased during the one-year trial. The Zn and Cd concentration significantly decreased in shoots at each harvest, whereas, the roots concentration was far higher than the shoots, implicating the rhizoremediation by S. officinale. Accumulation factor (AF) and bioconcentration ratio (BCR) of Zn and Cd in shoots were lower and remained higher in case of roots than the standard level (≥1). BCR values of roots indicated that S. officinale can be used for rhizoremediation of TMs in smelter/mines-polluted soils. Thus, field trials in smelter/mines contaminated soils and the potential role of saponin and tannin exudation in metal translocation by plant will broaden our understanding about the mechanism of rhizoremediation of TMs by S. officinale.

土壤微生物通过改变土壤特征、TMs 的生物有效性和易位以及污染环境中的土壤健康指标来影响有毒金属 (TMs) 的吸收。Streptomyces pactum (Act12) 和Bacillus consortium ( B. subtilis and B. licheniformis ; 1:1) 对土壤酶和细菌丰度、Symphytum officinale锌和镉的生物有效性和易位以及土壤生理指标的潜在影响奉贤（FX）矿场。Act12 和芽孢杆菌群落以 0 (CK)、0.50 (T1)、1.50 (T2) 和 2.50 (T3) g kg ^-1施用在裂区设计中，收获 3 次 (H)。结果表明，土壤 pH 值显着下降，而在较高的 Act12 和芽孢杆菌剂量下，电导率增加。与对照相比，每次收获时可提取的 Zn 降低，Cd 增加。土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶在Act12和芽孢杆菌处理后与收获1（H1）相比，在收获2和3（H2和H3）中脱氢酶降低。主要土壤门分别贡献了约 5-55.6%。Act12 和芽孢杆菌修正案也改变了土壤细菌群落的分布。变形菌、酸菌和拟杆菌在为期一年的试验中，放线菌、绿屈曲菌和Gemmatimonadetes减少了。的Zn和Cd浓度显著在枝条在每次收获降低，反之，根浓度比枝条高得多，提示由所述根际修复S.铁皮。枝条中Zn和Cd的累积因子（AF）和生物富集比（BCR）低于标准水平（≥1），而在根的情况下仍然高于标准水平（≥1）。根的 BCR 值表明S. officinale可用于冶炼厂/矿山污染土壤中 TM 的根际修复。因此，在冶炼厂/矿山土壤污染现场试验和金属易位植物皂素和单宁渗出的潜在作用将拓宽我们对由TM的根际修复的机制理解S.铁皮。