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Superelasticity of Plasma- and Synthetic Membranes Resulting from Coupling of Membrane Asymmetry, Curvature, and Lipid Sorting
Advanced Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-26 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102109 Jan Steinkühler 1 , Piermarco Fonda 1 , Tripta Bhatia 1, 2 , Ziliang Zhao 1 , Fernanda S C Leomil 1, 3 , Reinhard Lipowsky 1 , Rumiana Dimova 1
Advanced Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-26 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102109 Jan Steinkühler 1 , Piermarco Fonda 1 , Tripta Bhatia 1, 2 , Ziliang Zhao 1 , Fernanda S C Leomil 1, 3 , Reinhard Lipowsky 1 , Rumiana Dimova 1
Affiliation
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Biological cells are contained by a fluid lipid bilayer (plasma membrane, PM) that allows for large deformations, often exceeding 50% of the apparent initial PM area. Isolated lipids self-organize into membranes, but are prone to rupture at small (<2–4%) area strains, which limits progress for synthetic reconstitution of cellular features. Here, it is shown that by preserving PM structure and composition during isolation from cells, vesicles with cell-like elasticity can be obtained. It is found that these plasma membrane vesicles store significant area in the form of nanotubes in their lumen. These act as lipid reservoirs and are recruited by mechanical tension applied to the outer vesicle membrane. Both in experiment and theory, it is shown that a “superelastic” response emerges from the interplay of lipid domains and membrane curvature. This finding allows for bottom-up engineering of synthetic biomaterials that appear one magnitude softer and with threefold larger deformability than conventional lipid vesicles. These results open a path toward designing superelastic synthetic cells possessing the inherent mechanics of biological cells.
中文翻译：
膜不对称性、曲率和脂质分选耦合产生的质膜和合成膜的超弹性
生物细胞包含在液体脂质双层（质膜，PM）中，可产生较大的变形，通常超过初始 PM 面积的 50%。分离的脂质自组织成膜，但在小 (<2–4%) 面积应变下容易破裂，这限制了细胞特征的合成重建的进展。这里表明，通过在从细胞分离过程中保留PM结构和组成，可以获得具有细胞样弹性的囊泡。研究发现，这些质膜囊泡在其管腔中以纳米管的形式储存了相当大的面积。它们充当脂质储存库，并通过施加到外囊泡膜的机械张力来募集。实验和理论都表明，脂质域和膜曲率的相互作用会产生“超弹性”响应。这一发现允许对合成生物材料进行自下而上的工程设计，这些材料看起来比传统的脂质囊泡软一个数量级，变形能力大三倍。这些结果为设计具有生物细胞固有力学的超弹性合成细胞开辟了道路。
更新日期：2021-11-04
中文翻译：
膜不对称性、曲率和脂质分选耦合产生的质膜和合成膜的超弹性
生物细胞包含在液体脂质双层（质膜，PM）中，可产生较大的变形，通常超过初始 PM 面积的 50%。分离的脂质自组织成膜，但在小 (<2–4%) 面积应变下容易破裂，这限制了细胞特征的合成重建的进展。这里表明，通过在从细胞分离过程中保留PM结构和组成，可以获得具有细胞样弹性的囊泡。研究发现，这些质膜囊泡在其管腔中以纳米管的形式储存了相当大的面积。它们充当脂质储存库，并通过施加到外囊泡膜的机械张力来募集。实验和理论都表明，脂质域和膜曲率的相互作用会产生“超弹性”响应。这一发现允许对合成生物材料进行自下而上的工程设计，这些材料看起来比传统的脂质囊泡软一个数量级，变形能力大三倍。这些结果为设计具有生物细胞固有力学的超弹性合成细胞开辟了道路。
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