The question whether and how climatic factors influence human migration has gained both academic and public interest in the past years. Based on two meta-analyses, this paper systematically reviews the quantitative empirical literature on climate-related migration from a methodological perspective. In total, information from 127 original micro- and macro-level studies is analyzed to assess how different concepts, research designs, and analytical methods shape our understanding of climate migration. We provide an overview of common methodological approaches and present evidence on their potential implications for the estimation of climatic impacts. We identify five key challenges, which relate to the i) measurement of migration and ii) climatic events, iii) the integration and aggregation of data, iv) the identification of causal relationships, and v) the exploration of contextual influences and mechanisms. Advances in research and modelling are discussed together with best practice cases to provide guidance to researchers studying the climate-migration nexus. We recommend for future empirical studies to employ approaches that are of relevance for and reflect local contexts, ensuring high levels of comparability and transparency.

气候因素是否以及如何影响人口迁移的问题在过去几年中引起了学术界和公众的兴趣。本文基于两项元分析，从方法论的角度系统地回顾了与气候相关的移民的定量实证文献。总共分析了 127 项原始微观和宏观层面研究的信息，以评估不同的概念、研究设计和分析方法如何影响我们对气候迁移的理解。我们概述了常见的方法论方法，并提供了关于它们对气候影响估计的潜在影响的证据。我们确定了五个关键挑战，它们涉及 i) 迁移和 ii) 气候事件，iii) 数据的整合和聚合，iv) 因果关系的识别，v) 环境影响和机制的探索。研究和建模的进展与最佳实践案例一起讨论，为研究气候迁移关系的研究人员提供指导。我们建议未来的实证研究采用与当地情况相关并反映当地情况的方法，确保高水平的可比性和透明度。