Sulfate-quaternary ammonium amphoteric Gemini surfactants with hydrophobic chains (C₁₂ZGS, C₁₄ZGS and C₁₆ZGS) were prepared using formic acid, formaldehyde, long-chain tertiary amine, epichlorohydrin, chlorosulfone and NaOH. Their structures were characterized by IR and ¹H-NMR, and the synthesis of the target products was confirmed. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of C₁₂ZGS, C₁₄ZGS and C₁₆ZGS were 5.4×10^-4 mol/L, 3.1×10^-4 mol/L and 2.8×10^-4 mol/L, respectively. Their corresponding surface tensions were 28.62 mN/m, 30.98 mN/m and 32.45 mN/m. It was found that the surface tension increases with increasing hydrophobic chain length. Gemini surfactants have good emulsifying and foaming properties for kerosene, and they have good solubility at low temperature. The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the decomposition temperatures of C₁₂ZGS, C₁₄ZGS and C₁₆ZGS were 153 °C, 157 °C and 150 °C, respectively. The salinity resistance of C₁₂ZGS reached 4×10³ mg/L, C₁₄ZGS reached 5×10⁴ mg/L, and the salinity resistance of C₁₆ZGS was poor. C₁₂ZGS and C₁₄ZGS can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 10^-2 orders of magnitude, and C₁₆ZGS can only reduce it by 10^-1 orders of magnitude. The stability of the surfactant flooding system was evaluated by ageing time. Under the simulated reservoir formation environment, three amphoteric Gemini surfactants with long chains can enhance oil recovery by 11.63%, 10.91% and 9.87% respectively, on the basis of water flooding.

使用甲酸、甲醛、长链叔胺、环氧氯丙烷、氯砜和氢氧化钠制备了具有疏水链的硫酸盐-季铵两性 Gemini 表面活性剂（C ₁₂ ZGS、C ₁₄ ZGS 和 C ₁₆ ZGS）。其结构经IR和¹ H-NMR表征，目标产物的合成得到确认。C ₁₂ ZGS、C ₁₄ ZGS和C ₁₆ ZGS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为5.4×10 ^-4 mol/L、3.1×10 ^-4 mol/L和2.8×10 ^-4mol/L，分别。它们相应的表面张力为 28.62 mN/m、30.98 mN/m 和 32.45 mN/m。发现表面张力随着疏水链长度的增加而增加。Gemini表面活性剂对煤油具有良好的乳化和起泡性能，在低温下具有良好的溶解性。热重分析结果表明，C ₁₂ ZGS、C ₁₄ ZGS 和C ₁₆ ZGS的分解温度分别为153 ℃、157 ℃和150 ℃。C ₁₂ ZGS的耐盐性达到4×10 ³ mg/L，C ₁₄ ZGS 达到5×10 ⁴ mg/L，C ₁₆ ZGS的耐盐性较差。ç ₁₂ZGS和C ₁₄ ZGS可以将油水界面张力降低10 ^-2个数量级，而C ₁₆ ZGS只能降低10 ^-1个数量级。表面活性剂驱油体系的稳定性通过老化时间进行评价。在模拟油藏地层环境下，三种长链两性双子表面活性剂在水驱的基础上，分别可提高采收率11.63%、10.91%和9.87%。