Technologies are needed to address contamination with energetic compounds at military installations. This research developed and evaluated novel and sustainable materials that can be used to remove munition constituents (MC) from stormwater runoff. Initial work focused on 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), as it is both highly soluble and ionized at environmentally relevant pH values. Screening cellulosic materials indicated that cationized (CAT) versions of pine shavings (pine, henceforth) and burlap (jute) demonstrated >70% removal of NTO from artificial surface runoff. CAT materials also demonstrated >90% removal of the anionic propellant perchlorate. NTO removal (~80%) by CAT pine was similar across initial pH values from 4 to 8.5 S.U. An inverse relationship was observed between NTO removal and the concentration of the major anions chloride, nitrate, and sulfate due to competition for anion binding sites. Sorption isotherms were performed using a mixture of the three primary legacy explosives (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)), the three insensitive MC (nitroguanidine (NQ), NTO, 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN)), and perchlorate. Isotherm results indicated that effective removal of both legacy and insensitive MC would best be achieved using a mixture of peat moss plus one or more of the cationized cellulosic materials.

需要技术来解决军事设施中含能化合物的污染问题。这项研究开发并评估了可用于从雨水径流中去除弹药成分 (MC) 的新型可持续材料。最初的工作集中在 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)，因为它在与环境相关的 pH 值下具有高溶解性和电离性。筛选纤维素材料表明，阳离子化 (CAT) 版本的松木刨花（松木，此后称为）和粗麻布（黄麻）表明从人工地表径流中去除了 >70% 的 NTO。CAT 材料还显示了 >90% 的阴离子推进剂高氯酸盐的去除。CAT pine 对 NTO 的去除 (~80%) 在 4 至 8.5 SU 的初始 pH 值范围内相似 由于竞争阴离子结合位点，在 NTO 去除与主要阴离子氯化物、硝酸盐和硫酸盐的浓度之间观察到反比关系。使用三种主要遗留炸药（octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX)、hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s）的混合物进行吸附等温线-三嗪 (RDX)、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯 (TNT))、三种不敏感的 MC（硝基胍 (NQ)、NTO、2,4-二硝基苯甲醚 (DNAN)）和高氯酸盐。等温线结果表明，使用泥炭藓和一种或多种阳离子化纤维素材料的混合物最好地实现对遗留和不敏感 MC 的有效去除。7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四唑辛（HMX），六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-s-三嗪（RDX），2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）），三种不敏感的MC （硝基胍 (NQ)、NTO、2,4-二硝基苯甲醚 (DNAN)）和高氯酸盐。等温线结果表明，使用泥炭藓和一种或多种阳离子化纤维素材料的混合物最好地实现对遗留和不敏感 MC 的有效去除。7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四唑辛（HMX），六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-s-三嗪（RDX），2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）），三种不敏感的MC （硝基胍 (NQ)、NTO、2,4-二硝基苯甲醚 (DNAN)）和高氯酸盐。等温线结果表明，使用泥炭藓和一种或多种阳离子化纤维素材料的混合物最好地实现对遗留和不敏感 MC 的有效去除。