Frontal impacts are the most frequent crash types and may generate extreme body in white (BIW) deformations. Vehicles are subjected to impact evaluation rating protocols such as 100 % Front Rigid Barrier (FRB) impact, 40 % Offset Deformable Barrier (ODB) impact and 25 % overlap (small overlap) impact. This paper proposes a collaborative optimization process using optimal Latin hypercube design (Opt LHD) and response surface methodology (RSM), to improve the vehicle crashworthiness in the frontal impacts, by considering displacement oriented structure (DOS). Upper and lower engine bay structure were considered herein to increase the lateral vehicle displacement during small overlap impact and decrease the impact force that transferred to the passenger compartment in the frontal impacts. The optimal results indicated that the acceleration of the B-pillar was reduced 0.4g in the FRB impact, the intrusion of the firewall was reduced by 55.13 % in the ODB impact, and the intrusion of passenger compartment during small overlap impact was decreased by an average of 53.88 %, with a maximum percentage of 71.41 % around left toepan, leading to an IIHS rating to acceptable from poor. The proposed crashworthiness design approach is effective in vehicle structure optimization for better frontal impacts performance.

正面碰撞是最常见的碰撞类型，可能会产生极端的白车身 (BIW) 变形。车辆接受冲击评估评级协议，例如 100% 前刚性护栏 (FRB) 冲击、40% 偏移可变形护栏 (ODB) 冲击和 25% 重叠（小重叠）冲击。本文提出了一种使用最优拉丁超立方体设计 (Opt LHD) 和响应面方法 (RSM) 的协同优化过程，通过考虑位移导向结构 (DOS) 来提高车辆在正面碰撞中的耐撞性。这里考虑了上下发动机舱结构，以增加小重叠碰撞期间的横向车辆位移，并减少正面碰撞中传递到乘客舱的冲击力。优化结果表明，FRB冲击下B柱加速度降低0.4g，ODB冲击下防火墙侵入量降低55.13%，小重叠碰撞时对乘员舱的侵入量降低了平均为 53.88%，左脚趾周围的最大百分比为 71.41%，导致 IIHS 评级从差到可接受。所提出的耐撞性设计方法在车辆结构优化方面是有效的，以获得更好的正面碰撞性能。