In the specific study of medieval fortifications, an advanced knowledge of the state of conservation is required to achieve an effective diagnosis and a detailed evaluation that will provide the basis for establishing the criteria for prevention and restoration. The characterization of the materials and the knowledge of their degree of deterioration is one of the key points to address a restoration project in any rammed earth wall. In the last decades, a number of medieval fortifications built with rammed earth in Spain have been studied and restored. Although there is currently a better knowledge of the construction materials involved and their degradation processes, no detailed work has been carried out to date on the Seville City Wall, which is an outstanding sample of this kind of heritage. The aim of this work is hence to study the material characterization of the most recognisable section of the whole structure, which is known as Macarena Wall, that runs between the Macarena and the Cordoba Gates. The results and discussions presented offer a novel approach for this heritage asset and would play a solid criterion for a correct restoration proposal. For this purpose, ananalytical methodology already known and verified in the literature has been followed, which has been adapted according to the specific requirements of this monumental building. Among the most relevant results of the analytical and experimental phase, it is highlighted that capillary humidity and the transport and crystallisation of salts is one of the main causes of the deterioration of this monument. As this building is a clear reference of rammed earth military structures, the analytical procedure and the results obtained are an interesting reference for other similar interventions.

在对中世纪防御工事的具体研究中，需要对保护状态有深入的了解，以实现有效的诊断和详细的评估，这将为建立预防和修复标准提供基础。材料的表征和对其劣化程度的了解是解决任何夯土墙修复项目的关键点之一。在过去的几十年里，西班牙研究并修复了许多用夯土建造的中世纪防御工事。尽管目前对所涉及的建筑材料及其降解过程有了更好的了解，但迄今为止还没有对塞维利亚城墙进行详细的工作，这是此类遗产的一个杰出样本。因此，这项工作的目的是研究整个结构中最知名部分的材料特征，该部分被称为 Macarena 墙，位于 Macarena 和 Cordoba Gates 之间。所呈现的结果和讨论为这一遗产资产提供了一种新颖的方法，并将为正确的修复提案提供可靠的标准。为此，遵循了文献中已知和验证的分析方法，并根据这座纪念性建筑的具体要求进行了调整。在分析和实验阶段最相关的结果中，强调毛细管湿度和盐的运输和结晶是这座纪念碑退化的主要原因之一。