The decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors globally will require significant volumes of carbon-free hydrogen. An investigation has been performed to determine the cost at which hydrogen can be generated by electrolysis using renewable electricity in South Africa between 2020 and 2050; stored in suitable carriers: liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), cryogenic liquid hydrogen, and ammonia; then shipped to Japan and EU. Renewable electrolysis hydrogen is produced at lowest cost in South Africa using electricity generated by a hybrid fleet of wind and single-axis tracking PV power plants, using large-scale alkaline electrolyser plants. Hydrogen is converted and stored at lowest cost as LOHC, but delivered to Japan at lowest cost as ammonia. It may be delivered to Japan at or below the Japanese target cost of US $3/kg or €2.50/kg by 2030 (when bulk imports are planned to begin) in one of two ways: firstly by reconverting the ammonia carrier to gaseous hydrogen, provided that concessionary finance allows a maximum weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 3% the for renewable power and electrolyser infrastructure, or secondly as ammonia for direct use (without reconversion to gaseous hydrogen), provided concessionary finance allows a maximum WACC of 6%. In any event, the landed target price may be met for gaseous hydrogen by 2040 (when hydrogen imports must be carbon-free) at a WACC of up to 6%.

全球难以减排的行业的脱碳将需要大量的无碳氢。已经进行了一项调查，以确定 2020 年至 2050 年间南非使用可再生电力通过电解制氢的成本；储存在合适的载体中：液态有机氢载体（LOHC）、低温液态氢和氨；然后运往日本和欧盟。可再生电解氢在南非以最低成本生产，使用风力和单轴跟踪光伏电站的混合车队产生的电力，使用大型碱性电解槽。氢气以最低成本作为 LOHC 进行转化和储存，但以最低成本作为氨输送到日本。它可能以或低于日本 3 美元/公斤或 2 欧元的目标成本交付给日本。到 2030 年（计划开始大宗进口时）以两种方式之一降低 50/kg：首先，通过将氨载体重新转换为气态氢，前提是优惠融资允许最大加权平均资本成本 (WACC) 为 3%可再生能源和电解基础设施，或者作为直接使用的氨（不重新转化为气态氢），条件是优惠融资允许最高 6% 的 WACC。无论如何，到 2040 年（当氢气进口必须是无碳的）时，气态氢的着陆目标价格可能会以高达 6% 的 WACC 达到。或者作为直接使用的氨（无需再转化为气态氢），前提是优惠资金允许最大 WACC 为 6%。无论如何，到 2040 年（当氢气进口必须是无碳的）时，气态氢的着陆目标价格可能会以高达 6% 的 WACC 达到。或者作为直接使用的氨（无需再转化为气态氢），前提是优惠资金允许最大 WACC 为 6%。无论如何，到 2040 年（当氢气进口必须是无碳的）时，气态氢的着陆目标价格可能会以高达 6% 的 WACC 达到。