The impact ground pressure in coal mining is closely related to the fault structure, and the fault activation pattern is different when the working face advances along the upper and lower plates of the fault, respectively. In this paper, the F16 positive fault in the southern part of Yima coalfield is used as a prototype to carry out the physical similar model test simulating the process of the working face advancing from the upper and lower plates of the fault, and PPP-BOTDA optical fiber sensing technique is used to study the overburden deformation law and fault activation law when the working face is located in the upper and lower plates of the fault, respectively. The study shows that the key stratum breakage is closely related to the fault movement, and the shear stress concentration range occurs within the key stratum. The additional shear stress concentration at the fault surface caused by the working face advancing in the lower plate is much larger than that at the upper plate, which is the reason for the serious fault destabilization phenomenon at the lower plate. The upper rock layer on the fault face is affected by the mining action of the working face before the lower one, and the working face is affected by the fault in a larger range when advances in the lower plate than that in the upper plate, and the risk of fault activation instability occurs earlier when the working face advances in the lower plate than that in the upper plate. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology is used to verify the basic conclusions that the impact of the working face advancing from the lower plate is much greater than that from the upper plate, which is more likely to cause fault activation. The preferential placement of the working face in the upper plate in the fault area will be beneficial to mine pressure control. The results of the study provide an experimental basis for the application of distributed optical fiber sensing technology to the study of fault activation law.

中文翻译：

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基于分布式光纤监测的故障激活规律物理相似模型实验研究

采煤冲击地压与断层构造密切相关，工作面分别沿断层上、下板块推进时，断层激活方式不同。本文以义马煤田南部F16正断层为原型，开展了模拟工作面从断层上下板推进过程的物理相似模型试验，PPP-BOTDA采用光纤传感技术分别研究了工作面位于断层上下板时的上覆岩层变形规律和断层激活规律。研究表明，关键地层破裂与断层运动密切相关，剪切应力集中范围发生在关键地层内。工作面在下板块推进引起的断面附加剪应力集中远大于上板块，这也是下板块断层失稳现象严重的原因。断面上层岩层先于下层工作面受工作面开采作用的影响，工作面下板前进时受断层影响的范围比上板大，且工作面下板前移比上板前移更早发生断层活化失稳风险。采用分布式光纤传感技术验证了工作面从下板推进的影响远大于从上板推进的基本结论，这更可能导致故障激活。工作面优先布置在断层区的上板将有利于矿压控制。研究结果为分布式光纤传感技术在故障激活规律研究中的应用提供了实验依据。