It has been widely recognised that the threats to human health from global environmental changes (GECs) are increasing in the Anthropocene epoch, and urgent actions are required to tackle these pressing challenges. A scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the nine planetary boundaries and the threats to population health posed by human activities that are exceeding these boundaries in the Anthropocene. The research progress and key knowledge gaps were identified in this emerging field. Over the past three decades, there has been a great deal of research progress on health risks from climate change, land-use change and urbanisation, biodiversity loss and other GECs. However, several significant challenges remain, including the misperception of the relationship between human and nature; assessment of the compounding risks of GECs; strategies to reduce and prevent the potential health impacts of GECs; and uncertainties in fulfilling the commitments to the Paris Agreement. Confronting these challenges will require rigorous scientific research that is well-coordinated across different disciplines and various sectors. It is imperative for the international community to work together to develop informed policies to avert crises and ensure a safe and sustainable planet for the present and future generations.

人们普遍认识到，在人类世时代，全球环境变化 (GEC) 对人类健康的威胁正在增加，需要采取紧急行动来应对这些紧迫的挑战。进行了范围审查，以概述九个行星边界以及人类世超出这些边界的人类活动对人口健康构成的威胁。确定了这一新兴领域的研究进展和关键知识差距。在过去的三十年里，气候变化、土地利用变化和城市化、生物多样性丧失和其他 GEC 对健康风险的研究取得了大量进展。然而，仍然存在一些重大挑战，包括对人与自然关系的误解；评估 GEC 的复合风险；减少和预防 GEC 潜在健康影响的战略；履行《巴黎协定》承诺的不确定性。应对这些挑战将需要严格的科学研究，并在不同学科和各个部门之间进行良好协调。国际社会必须共同努力，制定明智的政策，以避免危机，并确保为今世后代打造一个安全和可持续的地球。