Performance of endurance exercise is associated with a broad range of cognitive benefits, with notable improvements shown across a wide variety of populations including healthy populations as well as those with impaired cognition. By examining the effects of exercise in general populations, as well in populations where cognitive deficits are pronounced, and critical to self-care, we can learn more about using exercise to ameliorate cognitive issues and apply that knowledge to other patient populations, such as those eligible for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Cognitive challenges are a concern within CR, as management of a chronic disease is cognitively taxing, and, as expected, deficits in cognition predict worse outcomes, including lower attendance at CR. Some subsets of patients within CR may be particularly at high risk for cognitive challenges including those with heart failure with low ejection fraction, recent coronary bypass surgery, multiple chronic conditions, and patients of lower socioeconomic status. Attendance at CR is associated with cognitive gains, likely through the progressive exercise component, with larger amounts of exercise over longer periods having greater benefits. Programs should identify at-risk patients, who could gain the most from completing CR, and provide additional support to keep those patients engaged. While engaged in CR, patients should be encouraged to exercise, at least at moderate intensity, and transitioned to a long-term exercise regimen. Overall, CR programs are well-positioned to support these patients and make significant contributions to their long-term well-being.

中文翻译：

---

认知和运动：心脏康复的一般概述和影响。

耐力运动的表现与广泛的认知益处相关，在包括健康人群以及认知受损人群在内的各种人群中都显示出显着的改善。通过检查运动对一般人群以及认知缺陷明显且对自我护理至关重要的人群的影响，我们可以了解更多有关使用运动改善认知问题的知识，并将这些知识应用于其他患者人群，例如符合心脏康复（CR）资格。认知挑战是 CR 中的一个问题，因为慢性疾病的管理需要认知负担，并且正如预期的那样，认知缺陷预示着更糟糕的结果，包括 CR 出勤率较低。CR 内的某些患者亚群可能特别面临认知挑战的高风险，包括射血分数低的心力衰竭患者、最近进行冠状动脉搭桥手术、多种慢性病以及社会经济地位较低的患者。参加 CR 与认知能力的提高有关，这可能是通过渐进式锻炼成分实现的，长时间内进行大量锻炼会带来更大的好处。项目应识别高危患者，他们可以从完成 CR 中获得最大收益，并提供额外支持以保持这些患者的参与度。在进行 CR 的同时，应鼓励患者进行锻炼，至少进行中等强度的锻炼，并过渡到长期锻炼方案。总体而言，CR 计划能够很好地支持这些患者，并为他们的长期福祉做出重大贡献。