The present work has been oriented to the qualitative and quantitative assessments of the aftermath effects of 2014 flood tragedy on the organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in the floodwater, with a particular emphasis on their relative health risks and microbial infectious hazards to the flood-affected population, using average daily dose, hazard quotient, hazard index (HI), cancer risk (CR) and quantitative microbial risk assessment. Statistical comparison of the organic and inorganic contents was performed using the paired t-tests, while the predominant socio-demographic profiles and health attributes of the respondents to flood-induced health risks (HI) were verified by the chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Among all, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cd, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, estriol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, estrone, β-estradiol and bisphenol A were detected at the study area after flooding. The microbiological quality of the floodwater samples has been tracked positive for Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri, with the mean concentrations of 6500, 50 and 180 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Exposure and health risk assessments revealed that the overall HI value for organic and inorganic contaminants in the water samples was 1.19, exceeding the USEPA maximum limit of 1, after the flood incidence. The largest CR contributors were Ni, Cr and Cd, while the infection risks (Pinf,single) associated with the exposure of E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were identified to be 3.1 × 10-2, 1.2 × 10-4 and 3.2 × 10-5 for incidental scenario; and 8.3 × 10-1, 3.9 × 10-1 and 1.9 × 10-1 for intentional scenario, respectively. The findings of these integrated tools are critically important to provide a more reliable quantitative assessment of human health hazards and microbial risks for different environmental settings, to safeguard water resource, and preservation of public health and the overall river ecosystem.

中文翻译：

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高强度洪水事件后地表水中有机、无机和微生物污染物的危害识别和风险评估。

目前的工作侧重于对 2014 年洪水悲剧对洪水中有机、无机和微生物污染物的后果影响进行定性和定量评估，特别强调它们对受洪水影响的健康风险和微生物感染危害。人群，使用平均日剂量、危险商数、危险指数 (HI)、癌症风险 (CR) 和定量微生物风险评估。使用配对 t 检验对有机和无机含量进行统计比较，而洪水引起的健康风险 (HI) 受访者的主要社会人口特征和健康属性则通过卡方检验和二元逻辑回归进行验证回归分析。其中，Fe、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cd、毒死蜱、二嗪农、多环芳烃、雌三醇、研究区淹水后检测到17α-炔雌醇、雌酮、β-雌二醇和双酚A。洪水样本的微生物质量已被追踪为大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和福氏志贺氏菌阳性，平均浓度分别为 6500、50 和 180 CFU/100 毫升。暴露和健康风险评估显示，在洪水发生后，水样中有机和无机污染物的整体 HI 值为 1.19，超过了 USEPA 的最大限值 1。最大的 CR 贡献者是 Ni、Cr 和 Cd，而与接触大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌相关的感染风险（Pinf，单一）。和志贺氏菌属。被确定为 3.1 × 10-2、1.2 × 10-4 和 3.2 × 10-5 用于偶然场景；和 8.3 × 10-1、3.9 × 10-1 和 1.9 × 10-1 用于故意场景，分别。这些综合工具的发现对于针对不同环境设置对人类健康危害和微生物风险进行更可靠的定量评估、保护水资源、保护公众健康和整个河流生态系统至关重要。