Over the last two decades, in-person interviewing costs continued to increase while the data quality advantages traditionally identified with this data collection mode have faded. Consequently, some longitudinal surveys have begun transitioning from in-person to web data collection despite risks to data quality and longitudinal comparability. This paper addresses the major issues involved in the transition process and proposes a multi-sample, multi-phase responsive design that attempts to minimize the data quality risks while preserving the considerable cost savings promised by the transition. The paper describes the design as it was applied to the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)—a nationally representative panel survey of around 20,000 adolescents selected from grades 7 to 12 (typically 13 to 18 years of age) in the 1994–95 school year. Also described are key results from several experiments embedded within the design and the analysis of mode effects. Also presented are some lessons learned and recommendations for other in-person panel surveys that may be contemplating a similar transition to web or mixed-mode data collection.

中文翻译：

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将小组调查从现场调查转变为主要的网络数据收集：结果和经验教训

在过去的二十年里，面对面采访的成本持续增加，而传统上通过这种数据收集模式确定的数据质量优势已经消退。因此，尽管数据质量和纵向可比性存在风险，一些纵向调查已经开始从面对面的数据收集过渡到网络数据收集。本文解决了过渡过程中涉及的主要问题，并提出了一种多样本、多阶段的响应式设计，该设计试图将数据质量风险降至最低，同时保留过渡所承诺的可观成本节约。该论文描述了该设计应用于全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）——一项针对约 20 人的全国代表性小组调查，在 1994-95 学年从 7 至 12 年级（通常为 13 至 18 岁）中选出 000 名青少年。还描述了嵌入设计和模式效应分析的几个实验的关键结果。还介绍了一些经验教训和其他面对面小组调查的建议，这些调查可能正在考虑类似的过渡到网络或混合模式数据收集。