Topological effects exist from a macroscopic system such as the universe to a microscopic system described by quantum mechanics. We show here that an interesting geometric structure can be created by the self-replication procedure of a square with an enclosed circle, in which the sum of the circles' area will remain the same but the sum of the circumference will increase. It is demonstrated by means of Monte Carlo simulations that these topological features have a great impact on the vacuum pumping probability and the photon absorption probability of the active surface. The results show significant improvement of the system performance and have application potential in vacuum pumping of large research facilities such as a nuclear fusion reactor, synchrotron, and in the photovoltaic industry.

中文翻译：

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具有巨大应用潜力的简单自复制几何结构在真空泵和光伏行业的拓扑影响

从宇宙等宏观系统到量子力学描述的微观系统，都存在拓扑效应。我们在这里展示了一个有趣的几何结构可以通过带有封闭圆的正方形的自我复制过程创建，其中圆的面积之和将保持不变，但周长之和将增加。蒙特卡罗模拟表明，这些拓扑特征对活性表面的真空泵浦概率和光子吸收概率有很大影响。结果表明，系统性能显着提高，在核聚变反应堆、同步加速器等大型研究设施的真空抽真空和光伏行业具有应用潜力。