Digitalization is playing an important role in the emerging practice of Building-to-Grid (B2G). However, the majority of the literature only covers either the grid side, the demand side, or the technical aspect of B2G integration, and an overview of the digitalization in B2G and the involved stakeholders is missing. To fill these gaps, this paper proposes a definition of the B2G ecosystem and provides an overview of the digitalization of the B2G ecosystem with six aspects (B2G goals and themes, B2G technologies, B2G data sources and data management, and B2G related stakeholders). This paper also discusses five emerging technologies (5G, IoT, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain) and three main challenges of the applications of the emerging technologies in the B2G ecosystem (Security and privacy, interoperability and scalability, coordination, and dysfunctional emerging behaviors of collective intelligent controls). Lastly, this paper recommends future research directions in the Building-to-Grid ecosystem (especially ecosystem modeling and simulation), B2G’s role in smart cities, sustainability, resilience, and harmonization of the B2G ecosystem, and other emerging technologies in B2G.

中文翻译：

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建筑到电网生态系统的数字化概述

数字化在构建到电网 (B2G) 的新兴实践中发挥着重要作用。然而，大多数文献仅涵盖电网侧、需求侧或 B2G 集成的技术方面，并且缺少对 B2G 中的数字化和相关利益相关者的概述。为了填补这些空白，本文提出了 B2G 生态系统的定义，并从六个方面（B2G 目标和主题、B2G 技术、B2G 数据源和数据管理以及 B2G 相关利益相关者）概述了 B2G 生态系统的数字化。本文还讨论了五种新兴技术（5G、物联网、大数据、人工智能和区块链）以及新兴技术在 B2G 生态系统中应用的三大挑战（安全和隐私、互操作性和可扩展性、集体智能控制的协调和功能失调的新兴行为）。最后，本文推荐了建筑到电网生态系统（尤其是生态系统建模和模拟）、B2G 在智慧城市中的作用、B2G 生态系统的可持续性、弹性和协调性以及 B2G 中其他新兴技术的未来研究方向。