Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is a critical risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, only 1–3 % of people with H. pylori develop GC. In gastric carcinogenesis, non-H. pylori bacteria in the stomach might interact with H. pylori. Bacterial dysbiosis in the stomach can strengthen gastric neoplasia development via generating tumor-promoting metabolites, DNA damaging, suppressing antitumor immunity, and activating oncogenic signaling pathways. Other bacterial species may generate short-chain fatty acids like butyrate that may inhibit carcinogenesis and inflammation in the human stomach. The present article aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the effects of gut microbiota and H. pylori on the development of GC. Next, the potential mechanisms of intestinal microbiota were discussed in gastric carcinogenesis. We also disserted the complicated interactions between H. pylori, intestinal microbiota, and host in gastric carcinogenesis, thus helping us to design new strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating GC.

中文翻译：

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幽门螺杆菌与肠道菌群在胃癌发生中的相互作用与合作

慢性幽门螺杆菌感染是胃癌（GC）的关键危险因素。然而，只有 1-3% 的幽门螺杆菌患者会发生 GC。在胃癌发生中，非 H. 胃中的幽门螺杆菌可能与幽门螺杆菌相互作用。胃中的细菌失调可以通过产生促肿瘤代谢物、DNA损伤、抑制抗肿瘤免疫和激活致癌信号通路来加强胃肿瘤的发展。其他细菌物种可能会产生丁酸盐等短链脂肪酸，从而抑制人胃中的致癌作用和炎症。本文旨在全面概述肠道微生物群和幽门螺杆菌对 GC 发展的影响。接下来，讨论了肠道微生物群在胃癌发生中的潜在机制。