The Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represented a great risk to public health. In this study, 60 STEC strains recovered from broiler and duck fecal samples, cow’s milk, cattle beef, human urine, and ear discharge were screened for 12 virulence genes, phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). The majority of strains harbored Shiga toxin 1 (stx1) and stx1d, stx2 and stx2e, and ehxA genes, while a minority harbored stx2c subtype and eaeA. We identified 10 stx gene combinations; most of strains 31/60 (51.7%) exhibited four copies of stx genes, namely the stx1, stx1d, stx2, and stx2e, and the strains exhibited a high range of multiple antimicrobial resistance indices. The resistance genes blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM were detected. For the oxytetracycline resistance genes, most of strains contained tetA, tetB, tetE, and tetG while the tetC was present at low frequency. MLVA genotyping resolved 26 unique genotypes; genotype 21 was highly prevalent. The six highly discriminatory loci DI = 0.9138 are suitable for the preliminary genotyping of STEC from animals and humans. The STEC isolated from animals are virulent, resistant to antimicrobials, and genetically diverse, thus demands greater attention for the potential risk to human.

中文翻译：

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来自埃及不同来源的非 O157 产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的遗传和抗菌素耐药性概况

产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）对公众健康构成巨大风险。在这项研究中，从肉鸡和鸭的粪便样本、牛奶、牛牛肉、人尿和耳朵分泌物中回收的 60 株 STEC 菌株被筛选出 12 个毒力基因、表型和基因型抗菌素耐药性以及多位点可变数量串联重复分析（MLVA）。大多数菌株含有志贺毒素 1 (stx1) 和 stx1d、stx2 和 stx2e 以及 ehxA 基因，而少数菌株含有 stx2c 亚型和 eaeA。我们确定了 10 个 stx 基因组合；大多数菌株31/60（51.7%）表现出4个stx基因拷贝，即stx1、stx1d、stx2和stx2e，并且菌株表现出高范围的多种抗菌素耐药性指标。检测到耐药基因blaCTX-M-1和blaTEM。对于土霉素抗性基因，大多数菌株含有tetA、tetB、tetE和tetG，而tetC以低频存在。MLVA 基因分型解决了 26 个独特的基因型；基因型 21 非常普遍。六个高度区分位点 DI = 0.9138 适用于动物和人类 STEC 的初步基因分型。从动物身上分离出的 STEC 毒性强、对抗菌药物有抗药性、遗传多样性，因此需要更多地关注对人类的潜在风险。