Abstract

Metabolism can be represented as a network of enzymatic and nonenzymatic (spontaneous) biochemical reactions. One of the most important parts of nonenzymatic metabolism are the processes involving the formation and redox transformations of highly reactive compounds: reactive forms of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, and reactive carbonyl compounds. All of these reactive forms have one common property—spontaneous interaction with protein amino acid residues. The reactive forms (or reactive metabolites) have long been studied in terms of their ability to have toxic effects on cells. Later, the direction of research shifted to the study of their signaling and regulatory properties. It became clear that low concentrations of these reactive compounds were necessary for living systems. They can regulate the growth and development of the organism. On the one hand, they ensure the stability of biological macromolecules and living systems; on the other hand, they promote phenotypic variability by unmasking latent variability. The review discusses the role of these compounds as regulators of metabolic plasticity and evolutionary ability.

中文翻译：

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代谢中的非酶促反应：它们在进化和适应中的作用

摘要

代谢可以表示为酶促和非酶促（自发）生化反应的网络。非酶代谢最重要的部分之一是涉及高活性化合物的形成和氧化还原转化的过程：氧、氮、硫、卤素和活性羰基化合物的活性形式。所有这些反应形式都有一个共同的特性——与蛋白质氨基酸残基的自发相互作用。长期以来，人们一直在研究反应形式（或反应代谢物）对细胞产生毒性作用的能力。后来，研究方向转向研究它们的信号和调节特性。很明显，低浓度的这些活性化合物对于生命系统是必要的。它们可以调节生物体的生长和发育。一方面，它们保证了生物大分子和生命系统的稳定性；另一方面，它们通过揭示潜在变异性来促进表型变异性。该综述讨论了这些化合物作为代谢可塑性和进化能力调节剂的作用。