Biomass is generally regarded as a significant renewable resource, which can be used as the raw material for bioproducts. In the study, a mixture of rice straw and fermented cow manure was utilized to produce potted seedling trays, which are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. The effects of process parameters on the quality of final products were assessed by measuring damage resistance (DR) and expansion ratio (ER). Single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize process parameters, including moisture content, forming pressure, mass percentage of straw (the ratio of rice straw to the mixture), and forming temperature as variables, and DR and ER of potted seedling trays as responses. The results showed that moisture content had the largest effect on DR and ER, followed by forming pressure, forming temperature, and mass percentage of straw. The optimal conditions were identified as a moisture content of 13%, forming pressure of 124 kN, mass percentage of straw equal to 8%, and forming temperature of 132 °C. There was a good agreement between the experimental data and the predicted results, indicating the reliability of the optimization process. Under the optimal conditions, the effectiveness of the regression model was further validated by the desirability of 0.97. Our findings shed new light on the perfect utilization of straws and animal manure and provided a reliable reference for the preparation of potted seedling trays from other types of biomass produced by agriculture.

中文翻译：

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使用响应面法优化稻草和发酵牛粪混合物制成的盆栽育苗盘的参数

生物质通常被认为是一种重要的可再生资源，可用作生物制品的原料。在这项研究中，稻草和发酵牛粪的混合物被用来生产盆栽育苗盘，可生物降解且环保。通过测量抗损伤性 (DR) 和膨胀率 (ER) 来评估工艺参数对最终产品质量的影响。采用单因素试验和响应面法 (RSM) 优化工艺参数，包括水分含量、成型压力、秸秆质量百分比（稻草与混合物的比例）、成型温度作为变量，DR 和盆栽育苗盘的 ER 作为响应。结果表明，水分含量对DR和ER的影响最大，其次是成型压力，成型温度和秸秆的质量百分比。确定最佳条件为水分含量为13%，成型压力为124 kN，秸秆质量百分比为8%，成型温度为132°C。实验数据和预测结果之间有很好的一致性，表明优化过程的可靠性。在最优条件下，0.97的合意性进一步验证了回归模型的有效性。我们的研究结果为秸秆和动物粪便的完美利用提供了新的思路，并为利用农业生产的其他类型生物质制备盆栽育苗托盘提供了可靠的参考。秸秆质量百分比为8%，成型温度132℃。实验数据和预测结果之间有很好的一致性，表明优化过程的可靠性。在最优条件下，0.97的合意性进一步验证了回归模型的有效性。我们的研究结果为秸秆和动物粪便的完美利用提供了新的思路，并为利用农业生产的其他类型生物质制备盆栽育苗托盘提供了可靠的参考。秸秆质量百分比为8%，成型温度132℃。实验数据和预测结果之间有很好的一致性，表明优化过程的可靠性。在最优条件下，0.97的合意性进一步验证了回归模型的有效性。我们的研究结果为秸秆和动物粪便的完美利用提供了新的思路，并为利用农业生产的其他类型生物质制备盆栽育苗托盘提供了可靠的参考。0.97 的可取性进一步验证了回归模型的有效性。我们的研究结果为秸秆和动物粪便的完美利用提供了新的思路，并为利用农业生产的其他类型生物质制备盆栽育苗托盘提供了可靠的参考。0.97 的可取性进一步验证了回归模型的有效性。我们的研究结果为秸秆和动物粪便的完美利用提供了新的思路，并为利用农业生产的其他类型生物质制备盆栽育苗托盘提供了可靠的参考。