Diabetes mellitus is a disease that presents great challenges for healthcare systems worldwide, and the identification of alternative therapies for the treatment of this disease is of vital importance. Metallic nanoparticles (gold, silver, and selenium) and metallic oxide (ZnO) have been studied in different areas such as medicine, biotechnology, the environment, and the food industry with promising results. In medicine, current research has revealed these nanoparticles' anti-diabetic properties thanks to the implementation of animal models. This review will address the existing antecedents and the effects of gold, silver, selenium, and zinc oxide nanoparticles in diabetes administered alone, functionalized with other molecules, or combined with drugs that have shown promising therapeutic effects. The anti-diabetic effects of these nanoparticles are related to the regulation of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. In addition, oxidative stress markers, liver and kidney markers, the reduction of inflammation, apoptosis of the pancreas, and the restoration of normal liver and kidney histology are also reported in the literature after using these nanoparticles. However, the therapeutic effects that these nanoparticles provide are limited due to the lack of specific protocols dictated by international organizations to evaluate the risks of using these nanoparticles.

糖尿病是一种给全球医疗保健系统带来巨大挑战的疾病，确定治疗该疾病的替代疗法至关重要。金属纳米粒子（金、银和硒）和金属氧化物 (ZnO) 已在医学、生物技术、环境和食品工业等不同领域进行了研究，并取得了可喜的成果。在医学方面，由于动物模型的实施，目前的研究已经揭示了这些纳米颗粒的抗糖尿病特性。本综述将讨论金、银、硒和氧化锌纳米颗粒单独给药、与其他分子功能化或与显示出良好治疗效果的药物联合给药的现有前因和作用。这些纳米颗粒的抗糖尿病作用与葡萄糖、胰岛素和脂质分布的调节有关。此外，在使用这些纳米颗粒后，氧化应激标志物、肝肾标志物、炎症的减轻、胰腺的凋亡以及正常肝肾组织学的恢复也有报道。然而，由于缺乏国际组织规定的评估使用这些纳米粒子的风险的具体协议，这些纳米粒子提供的治疗效果是有限的。使用这些纳米颗粒后，文献中也报道了正常肝肾组织学的恢复。然而，由于缺乏国际组织规定的评估使用这些纳米粒子的风险的具体协议，这些纳米粒子提供的治疗效果是有限的。使用这些纳米颗粒后，文献中也报道了正常肝肾组织学的恢复。然而，由于缺乏国际组织规定的评估使用这些纳米粒子的风险的具体协议，这些纳米粒子提供的治疗效果是有限的。