Listeria monocytogenes remains a threat to the food system and has led to numerous foodborne outbreaks worldwide. L. monocytogenes can establish itself in food production facilities by adhering to surfaces, resulting in increased resistance to environmental stressors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion ability of L. monocytogenes at 8 °C and to analyse associations between the observed phenotypes and genetic factors such as internalin A (inlA) genotypes, stress survival islet 1 (SSI-1) genotype, and clonal complex (CC). L. monocytogenes isolates (n = 184) were grown at 8 °C and 100% relative humidity for 15 days. The growth was measured by optical density at 600 nm every 24 h. Adherent cells were stained using crystal violet and quantified spectrophotometrically. Genotyping of inlA and SSI-1, multi-locus sequence typing, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) were performed to elucidate the phenotype-genotype relationships in L. monocytogenes cold adhesion. Among all inlA genotypes, truncated inlA isolates had the highest mean adhered cells, ABS595nm = 0.30 ± 0.15 (Tukey HSD; P < 0.05), while three-codon deletion inlA isolates had the least mean adhered cells (Tukey HSD; P < 0.05). When SSI-1 was present, more cells adhered; less cells adhered when SSI-1 was absent (Welch's t-test; P < 0.05). Adhesion was associated with clonal complexes which have low clinical frequency, while reduced adhesion was associated with clonal complexes which have high frequency. The results of this study support that premature stop codons in the virulence gene inlA are associated with increased cold adhesion and that an invasion enhancing deletion in inlA is associated with decreased cold adhesion. This study also provides evidence to suggest that there is an evolutionary trade off between virulence and adhesion in L. monocytogenes. These results provide a greater understanding of L. monocytogenes adhesion which will aid in the development of strategies to reduce L. monocytogenes in the food system.

单核细胞增生李斯特菌仍然是对食品系统的威胁，并已导致全球多次食源性疾病爆发。单核细胞增生李斯特菌可以通过粘附在食品生产设施中，从而增强对环境压力的抵抗力。本研究的目的是评估单核细胞增生李斯特菌在 8 °C 下的粘附能力，并分析观察到的表型与遗传因素之间的关联，例如内源性A ( inlA ) 基因型、应激存活胰岛 1 (SSI-1) 基因型、和克隆复合体 (CC)。单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株 (n = 184) 在 8 °C 和 100% 相对湿度下生长 15 天。每 24 小时通过 600 nm 的光密度测量生长。贴壁细胞使用结晶紫染色并通过分光光度法定量。进行了inlA和 SSI-1 的基因分型、多位点序列分型和全基因组关联研究 (GWAS)，以阐明单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌冷粘附中的表型-基因型关系。在所有inlA基因型中，截短的inlA分离株的平均粘附细胞最高，ABS595nm = 0.30 ± 0.15 (Tukey HSD; P  < 0.05)，而三密码子缺失的inlA分离株的平均粘附细胞最少 (Tukey HSD; P < 0.05)。当 SSI-1 存在时，更多的细胞粘附；当 SSI-1 不存在时，粘附的细胞较少（Welch t检验；P  < 0.05）。粘连与临床频率低的克隆复合物有关，而粘连降低与高频率的克隆复合物有关。该研究的结果支持毒力基因inlA中的过早终止密码子与增加的冷粘附相关，并且inlA 中增强入侵的缺失与减少的冷粘附相关。该研究还提供证据表明，在单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的毒力和粘附之间存在进化权衡。这些结果提供了对单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌粘附，这将有助于制定减少食品系统中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的策略。