There has been an increasing awareness of the unsustainable trends in human interaction with the environment and its hazards. Research over the years has been able to establish a relationship between human activities and the increasing rate of climate change based on empirical evidence. The effects of human activities on the environment are not only limited to the rapid change in climate but has resulted in a range of other complex problems which includes the rising occurrence of disasters and other associated losses. This calls for a holistic approach for understanding these complex interactions and identifying ways for integrated planning towards sustainability. Hence, this study aims at developing a hybrid model that explains the bottom-up and top-down processes of transformative adaptation in Lyttelton New Zealand after the 2020 earthquake. To achieve this, we explored existing literature on the appropriate modelling tools for adaptation studies, used agent-based modelling and system dynamics tools to simulate transformative adaptation in Lyttelton, performed some sensitivity tests and discussed the results. The research concludes that transformation is a process, not an event. The model also provides a valuable tool for fail-safe experimentation and for informing policy decisions.

人们越来越意识到人类与环境及其危害相互作用的不可持续趋势。多年来的研究已经能够根据经验证据建立人类活动与气候变化速率之间的关系。人类活动对环境的影响不仅限于气候的快速变化，还导致了一系列其他复杂问题，包括灾害的发生和其他相关损失的增加。这需要采用整体方法来理解这些复杂的相互作用并确定实现可持续发展的综合规划方法。因此，本研究旨在开发一个混合模型，以解释 2020 年地震后新西兰利特尔顿的自下而上和自上而下的转型适应过程。为了实现这一目标，我们探索了有关适应研究的适当建模工具的现有文献，使用基于代理的建模和系统动力学工具来模拟 Lyttelton 的变革性适应，进行了一些敏感性测试并讨论了结果。研究得出的结论是，转型是一个过程，而不是一个事件。该模型还为故障安全实验和为政策决策提供信息提供了宝贵的工具。