Carbon neutrality is a long-term climate goal in the context of global warming and can be achieved by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sinks. Vegetation has a very important and irreplaceable role in increasing carbon sinks, but it is often destroyed, especially in desertification and mining areas. Therefore, restoration of the vegetation in these areas is essential. Seeking the optimal solution for landscape spatial structure through adjustment and optimization can promote ecological processes, improve environment and soil conditions on a large scale, provide favorable conditions for vegetation growth, and is an effective way to achieve vegetation restoration to increase carbon sinks. Here, a targeted landscape spatial structure optimization scheme called EFCT model was developed for complex ecological situation of Ordos, with the goal of increasing carbon sinks to achieve carbon neutrality. The scheme identified areas where the landscape spatial structure needs to be optimized and the direction of optimization based on the differences in the synergy degree between ecological function and connectivity of the patches. The study also compared the carbon sink function and robustness of the landscape spatial structure before and after optimization according to the scheme. The results show that the patches in the landscape spatial structure of Ordos form four separate clusters distributed in a differentiated east-west part of the structure, with higher ecological function and poorer connectivity in the east and the opposite in the west. In the landscape spatial structure optimized by the EFCT model, the ecological function of 42 patches was enhanced, and 19 patches and 44 corridors were added. The total carbon sink in the optimized structure increased by 31.51% compared to the unoptimized structure, mainly due to the improved ecological function of the grassland patches in the western structure, in addition to the carbon sink contribution of the new patches and corridors. At the same time, the connectivity between the four clusters had been enhanced and the structure was more coherent and stable.

碳中和是全球变暖背景下的长期气候目标，可以通过减少碳排放和增加碳汇来实现。植被在增加碳汇方面具有非常重要和不可替代的作用，但它经常被破坏，特别是在荒漠化和矿区。因此，恢复这些地区的植被至关重要。通过调整优化寻求景观空间结构的最优解，可以促进生态过程，大规模改善环境和土壤条件，为植被生长提供有利条件，是实现植被恢复、增加碳汇的有效途径。在这里，针对鄂尔多斯复杂的生态情况，开发了一种有针对性的景观空间结构优化方案，称为 EFCT 模型，以增加碳汇实现碳中和为目标。该方案根据斑块生态功能和连通性协同程度的差异，确定了景观空间结构需要优化的区域和优化方向。研究还比较了根据方案优化前后景观空间结构的碳汇功能和稳健性。结果表明，鄂尔多斯景观空间结构中的斑块形成了四个独立的簇，分布在结构的东西差异化部分，生态功能较高，东部连通性较差，西部相反。在EFCT模型优化的景观空间结构中，42个斑块的生态功能得到增强，并添加了 19 个补丁和 44 个走廊。优化结构中碳汇总量较未优化结构增加31.51%，主要是由于西部结构中草地斑块生态功能的改善，以及新斑块和廊道的碳汇贡献。同时，四个集群之间的连通性得到增强，结构更加连贯和稳定。