The recent electronic appliances and hybrid vehicles need a high energy density supercapacitor that can deliver a burst and a quick power supply. The high energy density supercapacitor can be obtained by designing proper electrode materials along with appropriate electrolytes. This review begins with different mechanisms of energy storage, giving a brief idea regarding how to design and develop different materials to achieve proper electrodes in the pursuit of high-energy density supercapacitor without compromising its stability. This review later focuses on the engineering of different electrode materials like conducting polymer, metal oxides, chalcogenides, carbides, nitrides, and MXenes. Lastly, the hybrid electrodes made up from composites between graphene and other novel materials were investigated. The hybrid electrodes have high chemical stability, long cycle life, good electronic properties, and efficient ionic transportation at the electrode-electrolyte interface, showing great potential for commercial usage.

最近的电子设备和混合动力汽车需要高能量密度的超级电容器，可以提供突发和快速的电源。通过设计合适的电极材料和合适的电解质，可以获得高能量密度的超级电容器。本综述从不同的储能机制开始，简要介绍如何设计和开发不同的材料以实现合适的电极，以追求高能量密度超级电容器而不影响其稳定性。本综述稍后重点介绍不同电极材料的工程设计，如导电聚合物、金属氧化物、硫属元素化物、碳化物、氮化物和 MXenes。最后，研究了由石墨烯和其他新型材料之间的复合材料制成的混合电极。