This study proposed a nonenzymatic sensor for lactic acid detection based on copper doped zinc oxide (CZO) modified by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C ₃ N ₄ ) and iron–platinum nanoparticles (FePt NPs). The silver paste electrodes of the sensor were prepared using screen printing technology, and the CZO sensing film was deposited using radio frequency (R.F.) sputtering system. The g-C ₃ N ₄ nanosheet solution was prepared through liquid exfoliating of the g-C ₃ N ₄ in water. The sensing film was modified by adding different contents of the FePt NPs in g-C ₃ N ₄ solution. The various concentrations of the FePt NPs were 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 wt%. The ${V}$ – ${T}$ measurement system was applied to investigate the sensing characteristics of the lactic acid sensors based on CZO sensing film modified by g-C ₃ N ₄ and FePt NPs. The surface morphology of the sensor was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In this work, the 0.1 wt% FePt NPs-g-C ₃ N ₄ lactic acid sensor has the best sensitivity, linearity, response time, and the limit of detection (LOD).

中文翻译：

---

石墨氮化碳和铁铂纳米粒子修饰的非酶促CZO乳酸传感器的研究

本研究提出了一种基于由石墨氮化碳 (gC ₃ N ₄ ) 和铁铂纳米粒子 (FePt NPs)改性的铜掺杂氧化锌 (CZO) 的非酶传感器用于乳酸检测 。传感器的银浆电极采用丝网印刷技术制备，CZO传感膜采用射频（RF）溅射系统沉积。gC ₃ N ₄纳米片溶液通过gC ₃ N ₄在水中的液体剥离制备 。通过在 gC ₃ N _{4 中}添加不同含量的 FePt NPs 来改性传感膜 解决方案。FePt NPs 的各种浓度为 0.03、0.1 和 0.3 wt%。这 ${V}$ —— ${T}$ 应用测量系统研究了基于由 gC ₃ N ₄和 FePt NPs改性的 CZO 传感膜的乳酸传感器的传感特性 。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和动态光散射（DLS）对传感器的表面形貌进行分析。在这项工作中，0.1 wt% FePt NPs-gC ₃ N ₄乳酸传感器具有最佳的灵敏度、线性度、响应时间和检测限（LOD）。