Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are broadly applied for various applications in tracking and surveillance due to their ease of use and other distinctive characteristics compelled by real-time cooperation among the sensor nodes. In WSNs, security is becoming a critical issue, as the techniques for malicious node detection adopt a one-time, centralized decision-making approach. With this paradigm, errors are difficult to avoid, and reproducibility and traceability are challenging. Hence, malicious node discovery technologies in conventional WSNs cannot assure traceability and fairness of the detection method. Herein, this paper discusses an in-depth survey of a blockchain-based approach for malicious node detection, an exhaustive examination of the integration of blockchain techniques with WSNs (BWSN), and insights into this novel concept. This survey discusses the architecture, sector-wise applications, and uses of BWSN. Moreover, this survey describes malicious node detection based on BWSN in two parts: 1) the BWSN architecture for detecting the malicious nodes and 2) the smart contract aspects in malicious node detection. Next, this survey explains the contributions of blockchain for WSN data management, which involves online information aggregation and may include auditing, event logs, and storage for information analysis and offline query processing. This survey first presents the conventional WSN solutions then the blockchain-based WSN solutions for data management. Additionally, this survey discusses the contributions of blockchain for WSN security management. It first examines the centralized WSN models for security problems, followed by a discussion of the blockchain-based WSN solutions for security management, such as offering access control, preserving information integrity, guaranteeing privacy, and ensuring WSNs’ node longevity.

中文翻译：

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用于恶意节点检测的基于区块链的无线传感器网络：调查


无线传感器网络（WSN）由于其易用性以及传感器节点之间实时协作所带来的其他独特特性，被广泛应用于跟踪和监视领域的各种应用。在无线传感器网络中，安全性正成为一个关键问题，因为恶意节点检测技术采用一次性的集中决策方法。在这种范例中，错误很难避免，并且再现性和可追溯性具有挑战性。因此，传统无线传感器网络中的恶意节点发现技术无法保证检测方法的可追溯性和公平性。在此，本文讨论了对基于区块链的恶意节点检测方法的深入调查，对区块链技术与 WSN（BWSN）集成的详尽检查，以及对这一新颖概念的见解。本调查讨论了 BWSN 的架构、部门级应用程序和用途。此外，本次调查将基于 BWSN 的恶意节点检测分为两部分：1）用于检测恶意节点的 BWSN 架构；2）恶意节点检测中的智能合约方面。接下来，本调查解释了区块链对 WSN 数据管理的贡献，其中涉及在线信息聚合，并可能包括审计、事件日志以及用于信息分析和离线查询处理的存储。本次调查首先介绍了传统的 WSN 解决方案，然后介绍了基于区块链的 WSN 数据管理解决方案。此外，本次调查还讨论了区块链对 WSN 安全管理的贡献。 它首先检查集中式 WSN 模型的安全问题，然后讨论基于区块链的 WSN 安全管理解决方案，例如提供访问控制、保持信息完整性、保证隐私和确保 WSN 节点寿命。