ABSTRACT

Porous hydrophobic ceramic membranes have been increasingly applied in advanced membrane-based separation processes such as Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) due to their higher chemical and mechanical resistances. The development of novel ceramic membranes enhanced with porosity is based on conventional techniques such as extrusion and tape casting, and unique processing such as dry–wet spinning and vacuum filtration. The relationships between shaping and surface hydrophobization related to the membrane structure, properties and performance of the ceramic membrane applied to DCMD are explained in this work. The manufacturing technique influences the membrane characteristics, and consequently the permeability in DCMD. Recent research is focused on manufacturing high porous hollow fibre ceramic membranes by dry–wet spinning. In contrast to the grafting of alkylsilanes, the chemical vapour deposition process has been applied as an effective surface modifying technique to enhance membrane hydrophobicity. Ceramic membranes are mostly applied to desalination in DCMD and have been little researched concerning the unique properties they can offer, such as superhydrophobicity and use in a harsh environment. In addition to the review of manufacturing techniques, polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) is proposed as a one-step ceramic membrane processing route for DCMD. Although only a handful of works addressed the use of PDC membranes applied to DCMD, the great potential of these materials is forecast.

摘要

多孔疏水陶瓷膜由于具有更高的化学和机械阻力，因此越来越多地应用于先进的基于膜的分离工艺，例如直接接触膜蒸馏 (DCMD)。提高孔隙率的新型陶瓷膜的开发基于传统技术，如挤出和流延，以及独特的工艺，如干湿纺和真空过滤。在这项工作中解释了与应用于DCMD的陶瓷膜的膜结构、性质和性能相关的成形和表面疏水化之间的关系。制造技术影响膜特性，进而影响DCMD的渗透性。最近的研究集中在通过干湿纺制造高孔中空纤维陶瓷膜。与烷基硅烷的接枝相反，化学气相沉积工艺已被用作一种有效的表面改性技术，以提高膜的疏水性。陶瓷膜主要用于 DCMD 中的脱盐，但很少有人对其提供的独特性能进行研究，例如超疏水性和在恶劣环境中的使用。除了制造技术的审查，聚合物衍生陶瓷 (PDC) 被提议作为 DCMD 的一步陶瓷膜加工路线。尽管只有少数作品涉及将 PDC 膜应用于 DCMD，但预测这些材料的巨大潜力。陶瓷膜主要用于 DCMD 中的脱盐，但很少有人对其提供的独特性能进行研究，例如超疏水性和在恶劣环境中的使用。除了制造技术的审查，聚合物衍生陶瓷 (PDC) 被提议作为 DCMD 的一步陶瓷膜加工路线。尽管只有少数作品涉及将 PDC 膜应用于 DCMD，但预测这些材料的巨大潜力。陶瓷膜主要用于 DCMD 中的脱盐，但很少有人对其提供的独特性能进行研究，例如超疏水性和在恶劣环境中的使用。除了制造技术的审查，聚合物衍生陶瓷 (PDC) 被提议作为 DCMD 的一步陶瓷膜加工路线。尽管只有少数作品涉及将 PDC 膜应用于 DCMD，但预测这些材料的巨大潜力。