During the last decade, electric vehicles had a remarkable diffusion caused by Li-ion batteries lowered prices and improved performances. Meanwhile, incidents involving fire were reported for electric vehicles during charge operation or simple parking. The potential drawbacks of this technology could play a role on safety in the next years, especially for household or underground charge. This paper presents the development of a novel system concept based on a Vanadium-air flow battery, applied to provide charge and fire safety of electric vehicles through oxygen reduction in a sealed box. When the vehicle is parked inside the box and the passengers are outside of it, a nitrogen injection is operated to reduce the fire risk quickly, during the subsequent vehicle charge operation the oxygen is consumed from the box atmosphere by the cathode of the Vanadium-air battery that supplies energy, then the nitrogen reserve is restored consuming oxygen from the external ambient and the energy output can be supplied to smart grids. The system is mainly composed by the Vanadium-air flow battery, the protection box and the nitrogen reserve, it is sized relatively to the most diffused road and commercial electric vehicles for different values of on-board battery capacity and charge power Moreover, it can be integrated into vehicle-to-grid energy systems improving intersectoral flexibility.

中文翻译：

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通过钒空气液流电池技术实现电动汽车充电运行期间的防火


在过去的十年中，由于锂离子电池降低了价格并提高了性能，电动汽车得到了显着的普及。与此同时，电动汽车在充电或简单停车过程中也曾发生火灾事故。这项技术的潜在缺点可能会影响未来几年的安全，特别是对于家庭或地下充电而言。本文介绍了一种基于钒空气液流电池的新型系统概念的开发，该系统概念应用于通过密封箱中的氧气还原来提供电动汽车的充电和消防安全。当车辆停在箱内且乘客在箱外时，会进行氮气注入以快速降低火灾风险，在随后的车辆充电操作中，钒空气阴极会消耗箱内气氛中的氧气电池提供能量，然后消耗外部环境中的氧气恢复氮气储备，并将能量输出供应给智能电网。该系统主要由钒空气液流电池、保护盒和氮气储备器组成，其尺寸相对于最普及的公路和商用电动汽车而言，适用于不同的车载电池容量和充电功率值，并且可以集成到车辆到电网的能源系统中，提高部门间的灵活性。