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Characteristics of Desert Precipitation in the UAE Derived from a Ceilometer Dataset
Atmosphere ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-24 , DOI: 10.3390/atmos12101245
Martin W. Airey , Keri A. Nicoll , R. Giles Harrison , Graeme J. Marlton

Understanding rainfall in arid and water-scarce regions is central to the efficient use of water resources in agriculture, irrigation, and domestic food security. This work presents a new dataset with which to study precipitation processes in arid regions, utilising two years (2018–2020) of ceilometer observations made at Al Ain International Airport in the desert region of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), where the annual rainfall is 76 mm. Ceilometer data provide a novel method by which to study both the evolution of water droplets from the cloud base down to the surface and the local circumstances required for rain to successfully reach the surface. In this work, we explore how successful precipitation depends on the initial size of the droplets and the thermodynamic profile below the cloud. For 64 of the 105 rain events, the droplet diameters ranged from 0.60 to 3.75 mm, with a mean of 1.84 mm. We find that smaller droplets, higher cloud bases, reduced cloud depths, and colder cloud bases all act to prevent successful precipitation, instead yielding virga (28 out of the 105 rain generating events). We identify how these multiple regional factors combine—specifically, we identify clouds deeper than 2.9 km, droplet diameters greater than 2 mm, and a midpoint below-cloud RH profile greater than 50%—to give successful rainfall, which may ultimately lead to more efficient rainfall enhancing measures, such as cloud seeding.

中文翻译:

来自云高仪数据集的阿联酋沙漠降水特征

了解干旱和缺水地区的降雨对于在农业、灌溉和家庭粮食安全中有效利用水资源至关重要。这项工作提供了一个新的数据集,用于研究干旱地区的降水过程,利用两年(2018-2020 年)在阿拉伯联合酋长国(阿联酋)艾因沙漠地区的艾因国际机场进行的云高仪观测,其中年降雨量为 76 毫米。云高仪数据提供了一种新方法,可用于研究水滴从云底到地表的演变以及雨水成功到达地表所需的当地环境。在这项工作中,我们探索了成功的降水如何取决于液滴的初始大小和云层下方的热力学剖面。对于 105 个降雨事件中的 64 个,液滴直径范围为 0.60 至 3.75 毫米,平均为 1.84 毫米。我们发现更小的水滴、更高的云底、降低的云深度和更冷的云底都会阻止成功的降水,而不是产生处女座(105 个降雨事件中的 28 个)。我们确定了这些多个区域因素如何结合——具体来说,我们确定云层深度超过 2.9 公里,液滴直径大于 2 毫米,云下 RH 分布的中点大于 50%——以提供成功的降雨,这最终可能导致更多有效的降雨增强措施,例如播云。取而代之的是产生 virga(105 个降雨事件中的 28 个)。我们确定了这些多个区域因素如何结合——具体来说,我们确定云层深度超过 2.9 公里,液滴直径大于 2 毫米,云下 RH 分布的中点大于 50%——以提供成功的降雨,这最终可能导致更多有效的降雨增强措施,例如播云。取而代之的是产生 virga(105 个降雨事件中的 28 个)。我们确定了这些多个区域因素如何结合——具体来说,我们确定云层深度超过 2.9 公里,液滴直径大于 2 毫米,云下 RH 分布的中点大于 50%——以提供成功的降雨,这最终可能导致更多有效的降雨增强措施,例如播云。
更新日期:2021-09-24
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