The biophysical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as a three-dimensional (3D) network and bioelectricity, have a profound influence on cell development, migration, function expression, etc. Here, inspired by these biophysical cues of ECM, we develop an electromechanical coupling bio-nanogenerator (bio-NG) composed of highly discrete piezoelectric fibers. It can generate surface piezopotential up to millivolts by cell inherent force and thus provide in situ electrical stimulation for the living cells. Besides, the unique 3D space in the bio-NGs provides an ECM-like growth microenvironment for cells. As a result, our bio-NGs effectively promote cell viability and development and, more importantly, maintain its specific functional expression. These advanced in vitro bio-NGs are expected to fill the gap between the inaccurate 2D systems and the expensive and time-consuming animal models, mimicking the complexity of the ECM and the physiological relevance of an in vivo biological system.

中文翻译：

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仿生机电纳米发电机的细胞活性调节及其特定功能维持

细胞外基质 (ECM) 的生物物理特性，如三维 (3D) 网络和生物电，对细胞发育、迁移、功能表达等具有深远的影响。在这里，受 ECM 的这些生物物理线索的启发，我们开发由高度离散的压电纤维组成的机电耦合生物纳米发电机（bio-NG）。它可以通过细胞固有力产生高达毫伏的表面压电势，从而为活细胞提供原位电刺激。此外，bio-NGs 中独特的 3D 空间为细胞提供了类似 ECM 的生长微环境。因此，我们的 bio-NGs 有效地促进细胞活力和发育，更重要的是，维持其特定的功能表达。