Lung macrophages play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, pathogen clearance and immune regulation. The different types of pulmonary macrophages and their roles in lung diseases have attracted attention in recent years. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), including tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs) and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo-AMs), as well as interstitial macrophages (IMs) are the major macrophage populations in the lung and have unique characteristics in both steady-state conditions and disease states. The different characteristics of these three types of macrophages determine the different roles they play in the development of disease. Therefore, it is important to fully understand the similarities and differences among these three types of macrophages for the study of lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the physiological characteristics and unique functions of these three types of macrophages in acute and chronic lung diseases. We will also discuss possible methods to target macrophages in lung diseases.

肺巨噬细胞在维持体内平衡、病原体清除和免疫调节方面发挥重要作用。近年来，不同类型的肺巨噬细胞及其在肺部疾病中的作用引起了人们的关注。肺泡巨噬细胞 (AMs)，包括组织驻留的肺泡巨噬细胞 (TR-AMs) 和单核细胞衍生的肺泡巨噬细胞 (Mo-AMs)，以及间质巨噬细胞 (IMs) 是肺中的主要巨噬细胞群，在肺中具有独特的特征。稳态条件和疾病状态。这三类巨噬细胞的不同特征决定了它们在疾病发展中所起的不同作用。因此，充分了解这三类巨噬细胞的异同对于肺部疾病的研究非常重要。在这次审查中，我们将讨论这三类巨噬细胞在急性和慢性肺病中的生理特征和独特功能。我们还将讨论在肺部疾病中靶向巨噬细胞的可能方法。