In systematically considering the advantages and disadvantages of complementarity in high or low milk feeding, novel milk feeding schemes involving altering the volume of supplied milk in different stages of the pre-weaning period but maintaining the total milk feeding volume were tested. Twenty-seven newborn male Holstein calves were selected and randomly assigned to 3 treatments. Calves in the control (CON) group were fed 7 L of milk daily from 4 to 66 d of age. Calves in the low-high (LH) group were fed 6 L of milk daily at the beginning, and then the daily feeding volume was later increased to 7 to 8 L of milk, which served as the early-period low-volume feeding group. The calves in the high-low (HL) group were fed 7 to 8 L daily at the beginning, and then the daily feeding volume was decreased to 6 L of milk, which served as the early-period high-volume feeding group. Then all calves were fed 3 L of milk daily from 67 to 70 d of age, weaned at 70 d of age, and then fed starter feed to 100 d of age. All calves had access to the starter feed from 15 to 100 d of age. The diarrheal condition of calves was recorded daily and the growth performance including the starter feed intake and body weight of calves was recorded at 70 and 100 d of age. Then, five 100-d-old calves from each treatment were sampled for measurement of plasma indices, ruminal morphology, and volatile fatty acids. When compared with the CON and LH groups, calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased body weight and lower diarrhoeal rate. When compared with the CON group, calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased average daily feed intake, ruminal epithelium papillae length, total volatile fatty acids, and percentages of propionate and butyrate. Moreover, the significantly increased plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) content and a trend of decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content (P = 0.083) were also identified in the HL group when compared with the CON group. Overall, the early-period high-volume feeding for calves produced greater body weight gain and a lower incidence of diarrhea.

在系统地考虑高或低母乳喂养互补性的优缺点时，测试了新的母乳喂养计划，包括在断奶前的不同阶段改变供应的牛奶量但保持总牛奶喂养量。选择了 27 头新生雄性荷斯坦小牛并随机分配到 3 个处理组。对照组 (CON) 的犊牛在 4 至 66 日龄期间每天喂食 7 L 牛奶。低-高(LH)组犊牛开始时每天喂6升奶，以后日喂量增加到7～8升奶，作为早期低量喂养组. 高低（HL）组的犊牛开始时每天喂7～8 L，然后每天的喂食量减少到6 L牛奶，为早期大容量喂养组。然后所有犊牛从67-70日龄每天饲喂3L牛奶，70日龄断奶，然后饲喂起始饲料至100日龄。从 15 到 100 日龄，所有小牛都可以使用起始饲料。每天记录犊牛的腹泻情况，记录70和100日龄犊牛的生长性能，包括开食料采食量和体重。然后，从每个处理中抽取 5 头 100 日龄犊牛进行血浆指数、瘤胃形态和挥发性脂肪酸的测量。与 CON 和 LH 组相比，HL 组的小牛体重显着增加，腹泻率降低。与 CON 组相比，HL 组的犊牛平均日采食量显着增加，瘤胃上皮乳头长度、总挥发性脂肪酸以及丙酸盐和丁酸盐的百分比。此外，血浆免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量显着增加，肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量呈下降趋势。 与 CON 组相比，在 HL 组中也发现了P = 0.083)。总体而言，犊牛早期大量饲喂使体重增加更多，腹泻发生率更低。