Background/Aims. Changing gut microbiota is one of the most common causes of host gut inflammation. The active triple peptides, lle-Gln-Trp (IQW) and lle-Arg-Trp (IRW), cause remarkable changes to gut microbiota. The effects of the triple peptides IQW and IRW in gut-damage treatment were explored in this study via an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli- (ETEC-) induced mouse model. Methods. The mice were randomly distributed into four groups: (a) control (CTRL) group, (b) ETEC group, (c) IQW-ETEC group, and (d) IRW-ETEC group. Villus length and crypt depth were measured after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The inflammatory reaction was analyzed via inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The microbiota in the colon was sequenced using 16S ribosomal RNA. Results. The villus length decreased, the crypt depth decreased, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) increased due to ETEC. In the IRW-ETEC and IQW-ETEC groups, the Shannon index decreased (). IQW and IRW increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Alloprevotella; contrastingly, it decreased the abundance of Epsilonproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichales, Prevotellaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae compared to the ETEC group (P <0.05). Conclusion. This study ascertained that the addition of IQW and IRW could alleviate jejunal inflammation and increase microbiota community diversity.

中文翻译：

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IQW 和 IRW 对 ETEC 引起的腹泻中炎症和肠道微生物群的影响

背景/目标。改变肠道菌群是宿主肠道炎症的最常见原因之一。活性三肽 lle-Gln-Trp (IQW) 和 lle-Arg-Trp (IRW) 会导致肠道微生物群发生显着变化。本研究通过产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC-) 诱导的小鼠模型探讨了三肽 IQW 和 IRW 在肠道损伤治疗中的作用。方法。将小鼠随机分为四组：（a）对照组（CTRL）组，（b）ETEC组，（c）IQW-ETEC组，和（d）IRW-ETEC组。在苏木精和伊红染色后测量绒毛长度和隐窝深度。炎症反应通过炎症细胞因子（即TNF - α、IL- 1β、IL-6 和 IL-10) 使用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)。使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 对结肠中的微生物群进行测序。结果。由于ETEC ，绒毛长度减少，隐窝深度减少，炎症细胞因子（即TNF - α、IL- 1β、IL-6和IL-10）的表达增加。在 IRW-ETEC 和 IQW-ETEC 组中，香农指数下降 (）。IQW 和 IRW 增加了厚壁菌门、变形菌门、梭菌目、毛螺菌科和Alloprevotella的丰度；相反，与ETEC组相比，它降低了Epsilonproteobacteria、 Erysipelotrichales、 Prevotellaceae和Flavobacteriaceae的丰度（ P  <0.05）。结论。本研究确定添加 IQW 和 IRW 可以减轻空肠炎症并增加微生物群落多样性。