Vitamin D and its receptor are involved in health and diseases through multiple mechanisms including the immune system and gut microbiota modulations. Gut microbiota variations have huge implications in intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC). This review highlights the preventive role of vitamin D in colorectal tumorigenesis through the effects on the immune system and gut microbiota modulation. The different associations between vitamin D, gut microbial homeostasis, immune system, and CRC, are dissected. Vitamin D is supposed to exert several chemopreventive effects on CRC including direct antineoplastic mechanisms, the effects on the immune system, and gut microbiota modulation. Large clinical studies with a randomized design, are required to confirm the role of vitamin D in CRC, confirming its key role in the complex interplay between the gut immune system and microbiota.

中文翻译：

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维生素 D 和结直肠癌：通过肠道微生物群和免疫系统的化学预防观点

维生素 D 及其受体通过多种机制参与健康和疾病，包括免疫系统和肠道微生物群调节。肠道微生物群的变异对肠道和肠外疾病如结直肠癌 (CRC) 具有巨大的影响。本综述强调了维生素 D 通过对免疫系统和肠道微生物群调节的影响在结直肠肿瘤发生中的预防作用。剖析了维生素 D、肠道微生物稳态、免疫系统和 CRC 之间的不同关联。维生素 D 应该对 CRC 发挥多种化学预防作用，包括直接抗肿瘤机制、对免疫系统的影响和肠道微生物群调节。需要采用随机设计的大型临床研究来确认维生素 D 在 CRC 中的作用，