Importance The proportion of women in the field of ophthalmology in the US trails the proportion of women in the general population. Sex diversity trends have been studied in other specialties, but there is a dearth of such literature in ophthalmology.

Objective To investigate trends in the proportion of female ophthalmology match applicants, residents, and clinical faculty.

Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study examined data from the San Francisco Match, the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, and American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019. Data from ophthalmology match applicants, residents, clinical faculty at US medical schools, and AAO members were collected.

Main Outcomes and Measures The proportion of female applicants, residents, and medical school clinical faculty in ophthalmology.

Results Data were obtained from a total of 2807 ophthalmology applicants (35.3% female), 1 004 563 residents (43.8% female), 463 079 clinical faculty members (42.5% female), and 78 968 AAO members (26.1% female). Male ophthalmology residency applicants outnumbered female applicants by a ratio of 1.6:1 from 2016 to 2019. The percentage of female matched applicants in 2016 (41% [168/406]) and 2019 (42% [184/436]) differed by 1% (percent change, 0.99; 95% CI, −1.12 to 3.1; P = .36). There was a 2.3% increase (percent change, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.24-0.43; P < .001) in the percentage of female residents across all surgical specialties from 2011 (39.7% [8710/21 985]) to 2019 (42% [10 951/26 082]) but a 2.5% decrease (percent change, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.06; P = .02) in the percentage of female residents in ophthalmology from 2011 (41.5% [589/1419]) to 2019 (39% [575/1473]). The percentage of female ophthalmology clinical faculty differed by 2% (percent change, 1.02; 95% CI, −0.21 to 2.24; P = .10) from 2017 (38% [1179/3102]) to 2019 (40% [1225/3060]). From 2016 to 2019, male practicing ophthalmologists in the AAO outnumbered female practicing ophthalmologists by a ratio of 3:1.

Conclusions and Relevance This study found that the percentage of women in the field of ophthalmology remains lower than percentages in other specialties, and the percentage of female ophthalmology residents has decreased in recent years. More efforts are needed to improve female representation in ophthalmology.

重要性美国眼科领域的女性比例落后于总人口中的女性比例。其他专业也对性别多样性趋势进行了研究，但眼科领域缺乏此类文献。

目的调查女性眼科匹配申请者、住院医师和临床教员的比例趋势。

设计、设置和参与者这项横断面研究检查了旧金山比赛、大学眼科教授协会、研究生医学教育认证委员会、美国医学院协会和美国眼科学会 (AAO) 自 1 月份以来的数据2011年1月1日至2019年12月31日。收集了眼科匹配申请者、住院医师、美国医学院临床教师和AAO成员的数据。

主要成果和措施女性申请人、住院医师和医学院眼科临床教员的比例。

结果数据来自总共 2807 名眼科申请人（35.3% 女性）、1 004 563 名住院医生（43.8% 女性）、463 079 名临床教员（42.5% 女性）和 78 968 名 AAO 会员（26.1% 女性）。 2016年至2019年，男性眼科住院医师申请人数与女性申请人数的比例为1.6:1。2016年女性匹配申请人的百分比（41%[168/406]）和2019年（42%[184/436]）相差1 %（百分比变化，0.99；95% CI，-1.12 至 3.1；P = .36）。从 2011 年 (39.7% [8710/21 985]) 到 2019 年，所有外科专业的女性住院医师比例增加了 2.3%（百分比变化，0.34；95% CI，0.24-0.43；P < .001）。 42% [10 951/26 082]），但与 2011 年相比，眼科女性住院医师比例下降了 2.5%（百分比变化，-0.45；95% CI，-0.84 至 -0.06；P = .02）（41.5% [589/1419]）到 2019 年（39% [575/1473]）。女性眼科临床教师的比例从 2017 年 (38% [1179/3102]) 到 2019 年 (40% [1225/第3060章]）。 2016年至2019年，AAO的男性执业眼科医生与女性执业眼科医生的比例为3:1。

结论和相关性这项研究发现，眼科领域的女性比例仍然低于其他专业的比例，并且近年来女性眼科住院医师的比例有所下降。需要付出更多努力来提高女性在眼科领域的代表性。