ZmAGA1 Hydrolyzes RFOs Late during the Lag Phase of Seed Germination, Shifting Sugar Metabolism toward Seed Germination Over Seed Aging Tolerance,Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

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ZmAGA1 Hydrolyzes RFOs Late during the Lag Phase of Seed Germination, Shifting Sugar Metabolism toward Seed Germination Over Seed Aging Tolerance
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03677
Yumin Zhang _{1,

2} , Dan Li _{1,

2} , Lynnette M A Dirk ₃ , A Bruce Downie ₃ , Tianyong Zhao _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are accumulated during the late stage of seed development and hydrolyzed during seed germination. The process of raffinose hydrolysis during seed germination and how this process affects seed vigor remains unknown. We report here that maize alkaline α-galactosidase 1 (ZmAGA1) protein is translationally induced and is capable of hydrolyzing RFOs as well as a precursor, galactinol, during seed germination. Constitutively overexpressing ZmAGA1 in Arabidopsis decreased both RFOs and galactinol contents of mature, desiccated, and 30 hours after imbibition (HAI) seeds, yet enhanced the seed germination percentage under either salt or somewhat osmotic-stress conditions at earlier times during the time course. However, ZmAGA1 overexpression also decreased the seed aging tolerance of mature, desiccated seeds as compared with wild type (WT) or those overexpressing GFP. Compared to that of WT control seeds, the atsip2 (mutant of Arabidopsis AtSIP2 (seed imbibition protein 2, encoding alkaline α-galactosidase)) seeds have similar RFOs and galactinol contents in mature, desiccated seeds but significantly increased the amount of these metabolites at 30 HAI. This retention of RFOs and galactinol in atsip2 results in seeds that exhibit lowered seed germination percentage under either salt or osmotic stress conditions, and yet, increased seed aging tolerance relative to WT. Similarly, when maize seeds were imbibed in the presence of a specific α-galactosidase inhibitor (1-deoxygalactonojirimycin) as compared to those imbibed in water, greater amounts of raffinose and galactinol were detected; the seeds exhibited decreased seed germination percentages but increased seed aging tolerance. Taken together, these data suggest that both maize seed germination and seed aging tolerance can be simultaneously regulated through careful temporal manipulation of ZmAGA1 expression.

中文翻译：

ZmAGA1 在种子萌发的滞后阶段后期水解 RFO，将糖代谢转移到种子萌发的种子老化耐受性

棉子糖家族寡糖 (RFO) 在种子发育后期积累并在种子萌发过程中水解。种子萌发过程中棉子糖水解的过程以及该过程如何影响种子活力仍然未知。我们在此报告玉米碱性 α-半乳糖苷酶 1 (ZmAGA1) 蛋白在种子萌发过程中被翻译诱导并且能够水解 RFO 以及前体半乳糖苷。在拟南芥中持续过量表达ZmAGA 1 可降低成熟、干燥和吸胀 (HAI) 种子后 30 小时的RFO和半乳糖醇含量，但在时间过程的早期，在盐或渗透胁迫条件下提高了种子发芽率。然而，ZmAGA与野生型 (WT) 或过表达GFP 的种子相比，过表达 1 还降低了成熟干燥种子的种子老化耐受性。与 WT 对照种子相比，atsip 2（拟南芥 AtSIP 2 的突变体（种子吸收蛋白2，编码碱性 α-半乳糖苷酶））种子在成熟、干燥的种子中具有相似的 RFO 和半乳糖苷含量，但这些代谢物的含量显着增加在 30 海。这种RFO和半乳糖醇在atsip中的保留图 2 导致种子在盐或渗透胁迫条件下表现出较低的种子发芽率，但相对于 WT 增加了种子老化耐受性。类似地，与在水中吸收的那些相比，在特定 α-半乳糖苷酶抑制剂（1-脱氧半乳糖野尻霉素）存在下吸收玉米种子时，检测到更多的棉子糖和半乳糖苷；种子表现出种子发芽率降低但种子老化耐受性增加。总之，这些数据表明玉米种子萌发和种子老化耐受性都可以通过对ZmAGA 1 表达的仔细时间操作同时进行调节。

更新日期：2021-10-06

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