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Physiologic Regulation of Systemic Klotho Levels by Renal CaSR Signaling in Response to CaSR Ligands and pHo
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 , DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021020276
Joonho Yoon 1, 2 , Zhenan Liu 1, 2 , Eunyoung Lee 1 , Liping Liu 1 , Silvia Ferre 1 , Johanne Pastor 1 , Jianning Zhang 1 , Orson W Moe 1, 3 , Audrey N Chang 1, 2, 3 , R Tyler Miller 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Background

The kidney is the source of sKlotho and kidney-specific loss of Klotho leads to a phenotype resembling the premature multiorgan failure phenotype in Klotho-hypomorphic mice (kl/kl mice). Klotho and the Ca-sensing receptor (CaSR) are highly expressed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The physiologic mechanisms that regulate sKlotho levels are unknown.

Methods

We measured sKlotho in WT and tubule-specific CaSR–/– (TS-CaSR–/–) mice treated with calcimimetics, alkali, or acid, and Klotho shed from minced mouse kidneys, and from HEK-293 cells expressing the CaSR and Klotho, in response to calcimimetics, calcilytics, alkalotic and acidic pH, and ADAM protease inhibitors. The CaSR, Klotho, and ADAM10 were imaged in mouse kidneys and cell expression systems using confocal microscopy.

Results

The CaSR, Klotho, and ADAM10 colocalize on the basolateral membrane of the DCT. Calcimimetics and HCO3 increase serum sKlotho levels in WT but not in CaSR–/– mice, and acidic pH suppresses sKlotho levels in WT mice. In minced kidneys and cultured cells, CaSR activation with high Ca, calcimimetics, or alkali increase shed Klotho levels via ADAM10, as demonstrated using the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X and siRNA. In cultured cells, the CaSR, Klotho, and ADAM10 form cell surface aggregates that disperse after CaSR activation.

Conclusions

We identify a novel physiologic mechanism for regulation of sKlotho levels by the renal CaSR-ADAM10-Klotho pathway. We show that CaSR activators, including alkali, increase renal CaSR-stimulated Klotho shedding and predict that this mechanism is relevant to the effects of acidosis and alkali therapy on CKD progression.



中文翻译:


肾 CaSR 信号响应 CaSR 配体和 pHo 对全身 Klotho 水平的生理调节


 背景


肾脏是 sKlotho 的来源,Klotho 的肾脏特异性缺失会导致类似于 Klotho 亚形小鼠( kl/kl小鼠)过早多器官衰竭表型的表型。 Klotho 和 Ca 感应受体 (CaSR) 在远曲小管 (DCT) 中高度表达。调节 sKlotho 水平的生理机制尚不清楚。

 方法


我们测量了用拟钙剂、碱或酸处理的 WT 和肾小管特异性 CaSR –/– (TS-CaSR –/– ) 小鼠中的 sKlotho,以及从切碎的小鼠肾脏以及表达 CaSR 和 Klotho 的 HEK-293 细胞中脱落的 Klotho ,对拟钙剂、钙溶解剂、碱性和酸性 pH 值以及 ADAM 蛋白酶抑制剂有反应。使用共聚焦显微镜对小鼠肾脏和细胞表达系统中的 CaSR、Klotho 和 ADAM10 进行成像。

 结果


CaSR、Klotho 和 ADAM10 共定位于 DCT 的基底外侧膜上。拟钙剂和 HCO 3会增加 WT 小鼠的血清 sKlotho 水平,但不会增加 CaSR –/–小鼠的血清 sKlotho 水平,而酸性 pH 会抑制 WT 小鼠的 sKlotho 水平。在切碎的肾脏和培养细胞中,高 Ca、拟钙剂或碱的 CaSR 激活会通过ADAM10 增加 Klotho 水平,如使用 ADAM10 抑制剂 GI254023X 和 siRNA 所证明的那样。在培养细胞中,CaSR、Klotho 和 ADAM10 形成细胞表面聚集体,并在 CaSR 激活后分散。

 结论


我们确定了一种通过肾脏 CaSR-ADAM10-Klotho 通路调节 sKlotho 水平的新生理机制。我们发现 CaSR 激活剂(包括碱)会增加肾脏 CaSR 刺激的 Klotho 脱落,并预测这种机制与酸中毒和碱治疗对 CKD 进展的影响有关。

更新日期:2021-11-30
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