Cancer is a major cause of global mortality underpinned by genomic and epigenomic derangements. Here, we highlight the importance of multimodal data integration in understanding the molecular evolution of malignant cell states across the cancer life cycle. The widespread presence of driver mutations and epigenetic alterations in normal-appearing tissues is prompting a reassessment of how cancer initiation is defined. In later-stage cancers, studying the roles of clonal selection, epigenomic adaptation, and persister cells in metastasis and therapy resistance is an emerging field. Finally, the importance of tumor ecosystems in driving cancer development is being unraveled by single-cell and spatial technologies at unprecedented resolution. Improving cancer risk assessment and accelerating therapeutic discovery for patients will require robust, comprehensive, and integrated temporal, spatial, and multilevel tumor atlases across the cancer life cycle.

中文翻译：

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绘制癌症生态系统中的基因组和表观基因组进化图

癌症是由基因组和表观基因组紊乱支撑的全球死亡率的主要原因。在这里，我们强调了多模式数据集成在了解癌症生命周期中恶性细胞状态的分子进化方面的重要性。正常组织中广泛存在的驱动突变和表观遗传改变促使人们重新评估癌症起始的定义。在晚期癌症中，研究克隆选择、表观基因组适应和持久细胞在转移和治疗抵抗中的作用是一个新兴领域。最后，单细胞和空间技术以前所未有的分辨率揭示了肿瘤生态系统在推动癌症发展中的重要性。改善癌症风险评估和加速患者的治疗发现将需要强大的、