Starches, a storage form of carbohydrates, are a major source of calories in the human diet and a primary feedstock for bioindustry. We report a chemical-biochemical hybrid pathway for starch synthesis from carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen in a cell-free system. The artificial starch anabolic pathway (ASAP), consisting of 11 core reactions, was drafted by computational pathway design, established through modular assembly and substitution, and optimized by protein engineering of three bottleneck-associated enzymes. In a chemoenzymatic system with spatial and temporal segregation, ASAP, driven by hydrogen, converts CO₂ to starch at a rate of 22 nanomoles of CO₂ per minute per milligram of total catalyst, an ~8.5-fold higher rate than starch synthesis in maize. This approach opens the way toward future chemo-biohybrid starch synthesis from CO₂.

中文翻译：

---

二氧化碳无细胞化学酶促淀粉合成

淀粉是碳水化合物的一种储存形式，是人类饮食中热量的主要来源，也是生物工业的主要原料。我们报告了在无细胞系统中从二氧化碳 (CO ₂ ) 和氢气合成淀粉的化学-生化混合途径。人工淀粉合成代谢途径（ASAP）由11个核心反应组成，通过计算途径设计起草，通过模块化组装和替换建立，并通过三种瓶颈相关酶的蛋白质工程进行优化。在具有空间和时间分离的化学酶系统中，由氢驱动的 ASAP以 22 纳摩尔 CO ₂的速率将 CO _{2转化为淀粉}每分钟每毫克总催化剂，比玉米中淀粉合成的速率高约 8.5 倍。_{这种方法为未来从 CO 2}合成化学-生物杂化淀粉开辟了道路。