Severe dust storms frequently prevail over the Persian Gulf impacting the visibility and air quality. This study aims to investigate a severe dust storm that occurred during 25 to 26 February 2020 over the Persian Gulf to investigate governing synoptic patterns and CAMS model simulation in a severe frontal dust storm in the Persian Gulf area. The dust storm was severe and widespread that affected seven provinces of southern half of Iran. Also, visibility reduced under 1 km in many meteorological stations in the study area. PM10 (coarse particulate matter) amount increased more than 100 μg/m3 in most of air pollution monitoring system in south of Iran too. In this study, annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) was monitored for 21-year duration in this area. Then, number of dusty days is investigated in two populated islands (Kish and Qeshm) and one southern port (Dayyer port) of Iran. Synoptic patterns show the warm, cold, and occluded fronts in the study area. Also, prefrontal and postfrontal dust are obvious in satellite images on 26 February. The back trajectories from the HYSPLIT model (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) show that dust raised from northwest of Iraq (western desert) and northeast of Saudi Arabia (Ad-Dahna desert) in this case. Noticeable visibility reduction and increased dust concentration happened at synoptic stations located in the southern sectors in Iran. Finally, CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) model simulated PM10 in agreement with visibility in two stations: an island in the gulf and a northern port of the Persian Gulf. Also, the model output shows a good dust pattern on the study area and surface dust concentration in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the southwest of Iran, but it did not show well the dust mass over eastern the Persian Gulf. It can be concluded that the CAMS model simulated the dust pattern in lands better than the Persian Gulf; this could be due to the complexity of wind speed prediction at sea and land-sea interactions.

严重的沙尘暴经常席卷波斯湾，影响能见度和空气质量。本研究旨在调查 2020 年 2 月 25 日至 26 日在波斯湾发生的严重沙尘暴，以调查波斯湾地区严重锋面沙尘暴的支配天气模式和 CAMS 模型模拟。沙尘暴严重且范围广泛，影响了伊朗南半部的七个省份。此外，研究区许多气象站的能见度降低到 1 公里以下。伊朗南部大部分空气污染监测系统的PM10（粗颗粒物）量也增加了100μg/m3以上。在这项研究中，对该地区的年平均气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 进行了 21 年的监测。然后，调查了伊朗两个人口稠密的岛屿（基什和格什姆）和一个南部港口（戴耶尔港）的多尘天数。天气模式显示了研究区的暖锋、冷锋和闭塞锋。此外，2 月 26 日的卫星图像中前额叶和后额叶的尘埃很明显。来自 HYSPLIT 模型（混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹）的后向轨迹表明，在这种情况下，灰尘从伊拉克西北部（西部沙漠）和沙特阿拉伯东北部（Ad-Dahna 沙漠）升起。位于伊朗南部地区的天气站发生了显着的能见度降低和灰尘浓度增加的情况。最后，CAMS（哥白尼大气监测服务）模型模拟​​ PM10 与两个站的能见度一致：海湾中的一个岛屿和波斯湾的北部港口。还，模型输出在伊拉克、沙特阿拉伯和伊朗西南部的研究区和地表灰尘浓度显示出良好的沙尘模式，但没有很好地显示波斯湾东部的沙尘质量。可以得出结论，CAMS 模型比波斯湾更好地模拟了陆地上的沙尘模式；这可能是由于海上风速预测和陆海相互作用的复杂性所致。