Studies are urgently needed to characterize immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, excluded from major clinical trials. Complex ELISPOT and other cellular response techniques have been applied, but simpler tools are needed. An easy-to-use real-world monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the Spike protein and QuantiFERON^® SARS-CoV-2 IFNγ release assay (IGRA) were performed at baseline and 28 days after the second dose in KT recipients and controls (dialysis patients and healthy ones). All healthy controls and >95% dialysis controls became positive for anti-S IgG antibodies, while only 63.3% of KT patients seroconverted with a very low antibody level. A positive IGRA was documented in 96.9% of controls, 89.3% peritoneal dialysis, 77.6% hemodialysis, 61.3% of KT patients transplanted more than 1 year ago and only 36% of those transplanted within the previous 12 months. Overall, 100% of healthy controls, 95.4% of dialysis patients and 78.8% KT recipients developed any immune response (humoral and/or cellular) against SARS-CoV-2. KT patients showed low rates of immune responses to mRNA Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 vaccines, especially those with recent transplantations. Simple humoral and cellular monitoring is advisable, so that repeated doses may be scheduled according to the results.

中文翻译：

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用简单的抗体和干扰素γ释放测定细胞监测评估肾同种异体移植受者对双剂量 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗的阴性免疫反应

迫切需要研究来表征严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA 疫苗在被排除在主要临床试验之外的肾移植 (KT) 受者中的免疫原性、有效性和安全性。已应用复杂的 ELISPOT 和其他细胞反应技术，但需要更简单的工具。^{针对刺突蛋白和 QuantiFERON ®}的 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 抗体的易于使用的真实世界监测SARS-CoV-2 IFNγ 释放测定 (IGRA) 在 KT 接受者和对照（透析患者和健康人）的基线和第二次给药后 28 天进行。所有健康对照和 >95% 的透析对照都变成抗 S IgG 抗体阳性，而只有 63.3% 的 KT 患者发生血清转化，抗体水平非常低。96.9% 的对照、89.3% 的腹膜透析、77.6% 的血液透析、61.3% 的 KT 患者在 1 年多以前接受了移植手术，而在过去 12 个月内接受移植手术的患者中，IGRA 阳性的比例仅为 36%。总体而言，100% 的健康对照组、95.4% 的透析患者和 78.8% 的 KT 接受者对 SARS-CoV-2 产生了任何免疫反应（体液和/或细胞）。KT 患者对 mRNA 冠状病毒传染病 2019 疫苗的免疫反应率较低，尤其是那些最近进行过移植手术的人。建议进行简单的体液和细胞监测，以便根据结果安排重复剂量。