ABSTRACT

Background

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of non-fatal overdose among people who use illicit opioids (PWUIOs) and determine the demographic and behavioral characteristics associated with non-fatal overdose among this population.

Methods

Studies in English published before February 1, 2021, were searched for on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science to identify primary studies on the factors associated with non-fatal overdose among PWUIOs. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-texts of selected papers were assessed for eligibility using PICOs criteria.

Results

After a detailed assessment of over 13,845 papers, a total of 67 studies met the eligibility criteria. The findings showed a past-year pooled prevalence rate of non-fatal overdose among PWUIOs of 26% (95% CI, 23% −29%). Greater odds of non-fatal overdose among PWUIOs was associated with (i) being younger, (ii) being female, (iii) being homeless, (iv) individuals who received money, goods, or drugs in exchange for sex, (v) individuals who had witnessed somebody else have an overdose, (vi) individuals who had used public spaces as primary injection locations, (vii) individuals who reported polydrug use, (vii) use of non-injection methamphetamine, and (viii) high injecting frequency (more than two daily drug injections).

Conclusion

Harm-reduction programs should consider the provision of education concerning overdose-related risk factors to the vulnerable and hard-to-reach PWUIOs.

中文翻译：

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使用非法阿片类药物的人群中与非致命性过量服用相关的患病率和高风险行为：系统评价和荟萃分析

摘要

背景

本研究的目的是确定使用非法阿片类药物 (PWUIO) 的人群中非致命性过量服用的流行率，并确定与该人群中非致命性过量服用相关的人口统计学和行为特征。

方法

在PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane和Web of Science上搜索了 2021 年 2 月 1 日之前发表的英文研究，以确定与 PWUIO 中非致命性过量相关因素的初步研究。在审查研究重复后，使用 PICO 标准评估所选论文的全文是否符合资格。

结果

在对超过 13,845 篇论文进行详细评估后，共有 67 项研究符合资格标准。研究结果显示，过去一年 PWUIO 中非致死性药物过量的综合患病率为 26%（95% CI，23% -29%）。PWUIO 中非致命性过量用药的更大几率与 (i) 更年轻，(ii) 是女性，(iii) 无家可归，(iv) 以金钱、商品或药物换取性行为的个人，(v)目睹他人吸毒过量的个人，(vi) 曾将公共场所作为主要注射地点的个人，(vii) 报告使用多种毒品的个人，(vii) 使用非注射甲基苯丙胺，以及 (viii) 注射频率高（每天两次以上的药物注射）。

结论

减少伤害计划应考虑向易受伤害和难以接触的 PWUIOs 提供有关过量相关风险因素的教育。