Natural rock is a very common building material, and its stability plays an important role in the safety and durability of tunnels, rock slopes, and other projects. However, tunnels and other underground projects often face the threat of disasters such as fires, and during their service, the surrounding rocks are also subject to erosion by acidic groundwater. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to study the damage of the surrounding rocks under the threat of fire and acid groundwater. In this study, the variations in chromatic aberration, mass, P-wave velocity, porosity, thermal conductivity, and tensile strength of granite, sandstone, and marble induced by high temperature and chemical erosion are investigated from room temperature to 1000 °C. The results show that the rock materials exhibit different degrees of variation in physical and mechanical properties under the effect of high temperatures and acidic solution corrosion. Then, according to the variation of physical and mechanical properties, the formation mechanism of damage is discussed and the damage process verified by the deterioration of mechanical properties. For rocks heated to different temperatures and eroded by acid solution, the main reason for damage is the increase of cracks which destroy the structure and weaken the bonding between particles.

天然岩石是一种非常常见的建筑材料，其稳定性对隧道、岩石边坡等工程的安全性和耐久性起着重要作用。然而，隧道等地下工程经常面临火灾等灾害的威胁，在使用过程中，围岩也会受到酸性地下水的侵蚀。因此，研究火灾和酸性地下水威胁下围岩的破坏具有重要的工程意义。在这项研究中，研究了高温和化学侵蚀引起的花岗岩、砂岩和大理石的色差、质量、P 波速度、孔隙率、热导率和抗拉强度从室温到 1000 °C 的变化。结果表明，在高温和酸性溶液腐蚀作用下，岩石材料的物理力学性能表现出不同程度的变化。然后，根据物理力学性能的变化，探讨了损伤的形成机制，并通过力学性能的劣化验证了损伤过程。对于加热到不同温度并被酸溶液侵蚀的岩石，破坏的主要原因是裂缝的增加，破坏了结构，削弱了颗粒之间的结合。讨论了损伤的形成机制，并通过力学性能的劣化验证了损伤过程。对于加热到不同温度并被酸溶液侵蚀的岩石，破坏的主要原因是裂缝的增加，破坏了结构，削弱了颗粒之间的结合。讨论了损伤的形成机制，并通过力学性能的劣化验证了损伤过程。对于加热到不同温度并被酸溶液侵蚀的岩石，破坏的主要原因是裂缝的增加，破坏了结构，削弱了颗粒之间的结合。