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Bioaugmentation With a Consortium of Bacterial Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate-Degraders for Remediation of Contaminated Soils
Frontiers in Microbiology ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 , DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.740118
Ludovica Rolando 1 , Anna Barra Caracciolo 1 , Paola Grenni 1 , Livia Mariani 1 , Jasmin Rauseo 2 , Francesca Spataro 2 , Gian Luigi Garbini 1, 3 , Andrea Visca 1 , Luisa Patrolecco 2
Affiliation  

The anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) is the main component of most commercial foaming agents (FAs) used in the excavation of highway and railway tunnels with Earth pressure balance-tunnel boring machines (EPB-TBMs). Several hundreds of millions of tons of spoil material, consisting of soil mixed with FAs, are produced worldwide, raising the issue of their handling and safe disposal. Reducing waste production and reusing by-products are the primary objectives of the “circular economy,” and in this context, the biodegradation of SLES becomes a key question in reclaiming excavated soils, especially at construction sites where SLES degradation on the spot is not possible because of lack of space for temporary spoil material storage. The aim of the present work was to apply a bacterial consortium (BC) of SLES degraders to spoil material excavated with an EPB-TBM and coming from a real construction site. For this purpose, the BC capability to accelerate SLES degradation was tested. Preliminary BC growth, degradation tests, and ecotoxicological evaluations were performed on a selected FA. Subsequently, a bioaugmentation experiment was conducted; and the microbial abundance, viability, and SLES concentrations in spoil material were evaluated over the experimental time (0.5, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 144 h). Moreover, the corresponding aqueous elutriates were extracted from all the soil samples and analyzed for SLES concentration and ecotoxicological evaluations with the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. The preliminary experiments showed the BC capability to grow under 14 different concentrations of the FA. The maximum BC growth rates and degradation efficiency (100%) were achieved with initial SLES concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/L. The subsequent bioaugmentation of the spoil material with BC significantly (sixfold) improved the degradation time of SLES (DT50 1 day) compared with natural attenuation (DT50 6 days). In line with this result, neither SLES residues nor toxicity was recorded in the soil extracts showing the spoil material as a by-product promptly usable. The bioaugmentation with BC can be a very useful for cleaning spoil material produced in underground construction where its temporary storage (for SLES natural biodegradation) is not possible.



中文翻译:

使用细菌十二烷基醚硫酸盐降解剂联合体进行生物强化修复污染土壤

阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基醚硫酸钠(SLES)是大多数用于公路和铁路隧道土压平衡隧道掘进机(EPB-TBM)开挖的商业发泡剂(FA)的主要成分。世界范围内产生了数亿吨由土壤与 FA 混合组成的弃土材料,这引发了对其处理和安全处置的问题。减少废物的产生和副产品的再利用是“循环经济”的首要目标,在这种背景下,SLES的生物降解成为开挖土壤回收利用的关键问题,尤其是在SLES无法现场降解的建筑工地因为缺乏临时存放弃土材料的空间。目前工作的目的是应用 SLES 降解剂的细菌聚生体 (BC) 来破坏用 EPB-TBM 挖掘并来自真实建筑工地的材料。为此,测试了 BC 加速 SLES 降解的能力。对选定的 FA 进行了初步 BC 生长、降解测试和生态毒理学评估。随后,进行了生物强化实验;并且在实验时间(0.5、3、6、24、48 和 144 小时)内评估了弃土材料中的微生物丰度、活力和 SLES 浓度。此外,从所有土壤样品中提取相应的水性淘洗液,并用细菌分析 SLES 浓度和生态毒理学评价。测试了 BC 加速 SLES 降解的能力。对选定的 FA 进行了初步的 BC 生长、降解测试和生态毒理学评估。随后,进行了生物强化实验;并且在实验时间(0.5、3、6、24、48 和 144 小时)内评估了弃土材料中的微生物丰度、活力和 SLES 浓度。此外,从所有土壤样品中提取相应的水性淘洗液,并用细菌分析 SLES 浓度和生态毒理学评价。测试了 BC 加速 SLES 降解的能力。对选定的 FA 进行了初步的 BC 生长、降解测试和生态毒理学评估。随后,进行了生物强化实验;并且在实验时间(0.5、3、6、24、48 和 144 小时)内评估了弃土材料中的微生物丰度、活力和 SLES 浓度。此外,从所有土壤样品中提取相应的水性淘洗液,并用细菌分析 SLES 浓度和生态毒理学评价。在实验时间(0.5、3、6、24、48 和 144 小时)内评估弃土材料中的 SLES 和 SLES 浓度。此外,从所有土壤样品中提取相应的水性淘洗液,并用细菌分析 SLES 浓度和生态毒理学评价。在实验时间(0.5、3、6、24、48 和 144 小时)内评估弃土材料中的 SLES 和 SLES 浓度。此外,从所有土壤样品中提取相应的水性淘洗液,并用细菌分析 SLES 浓度和生态毒理学评价。飞弧菌. 初步实验表明 BC 能够在 14 种不同浓度的 FA 下生长。在 125、250 和 500 mg/L 的初始 SLES 浓度下实现了最大的 BC 生长速率和降解效率 (100%)。与自然衰减(DT 50 6 天)相比,随后用 BC 对弃土材料进行的生物强化显着(六倍)改善了 SLES 的降解时间(DT 50 1天)。与该结果一致,土壤提取物中没有记录到 SLES 残留物和毒性,表明作为副产品的弃土材料可以立即使用。使用 BC 进行生物强化对于清洁地下建筑中产生的弃土材料非常有用,因为地下建筑无法临时储存(用于 SLES 自然生物降解)。

更新日期:2021-09-23
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