Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a major health challenge globally. Previous studies have suggested that changes in the glycosylation of IgG are closely associated with the severity of COVID-19. This study aimed to compare the profiles of IgG N-glycome between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. A case-control study was conducted, in which 104 COVID-19 patients and 104 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited. Serum IgG N-glycome composition was analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UPLC) approach. COVID-19 patients have a decreased level of IgG fucosylation, which upregulates antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in acute immune responses. In severe cases, a low level of IgG sialylation contributes to the ADCC-regulated enhancement of inflammatory cytokines. The decreases in sialylation and galactosylation play a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis via the activation of the lectin-initiated alternative complement pathway. IgG N-glycosylation underlines the complex clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 仍然是全球面临的重大健康挑战。此前的研究表明，IgG糖基化的变化与COVID-19的严重程度密切相关。本研究旨在比较 IgG 的概况氮-COVID-19 患者和健康对照之间的糖组。进行了一项病例对照研究，招募了 104 名 COVID-19 患者和 104 名年龄和性别匹配的健康个体。血清IgG氮-糖组组成通过亲水相互作用液相色谱和超高效液相色谱（HILIC-UPLC）方法进行分析。COVID-19 患者的 IgG 岩藻糖基化水平降低，从而上调急性免疫反应中的抗体依赖性细胞毒性 (ADCC)。在严重的情况下，低水平的 IgG 唾液酸化有助于 ADCC 调节的炎症细胞因子的增强。唾液酸化和半乳糖基化的减少在 COVID-19 发病机制中发挥作用通过凝集素启动的替代补体途径的激活。免疫球蛋白G氮-糖基化强调了 SARS-CoV-2 感染的复杂临床表型。