The relationships of the reaction of the of tar asphaltenes with concentrated nitric acid were studied under various quantitative, temperature, and time conditions. According to IR spectroscopic data, nitration occurs to the highest degree during the action of a 50-fold excess of 64% nitric acid on the asphaltenes at 60°C for 4 hours. Nitration is accompanied by oxidation side reactions leading to the formation of nitrate, phenolic, carbonyl, and sulfoxide groups. It was established by mass spectrometry that there is a tendency for the number-average and weight-average molecular weights of the nitration products to decrease in comparison with the initial asphaltenes. It was found by electron paramagnetic resonance that the content of stable free radicals and vanadyl complexes in the products of the nitration reaction decreases.

研究了不同数量、温度和时间条件下焦油沥青质与浓硝酸反应的关系。根据红外光谱数据，在 60°C 下 50 倍过量的 64% 硝酸作用于沥青质 4 小时期间，硝化发生的程度最高。硝化伴随着氧化副反应，导致硝酸根、酚基、羰基和亚砜基团的形成。质谱分析表明，与初始沥青质相比，硝化产物的数均和重均分子量有降低的趋势。通过电子顺磁共振发现，硝化反应产物中稳定自由基和氧钒配合物的含量降低。