Wetlands are an important habitat for many species but over the past few decades ecosystem biodiversity and function have been threatened. Due to their shallow and fluctuating water levels, wetlands are particularly vulnerable to climate variability. This is especially a risk for ephemeral and intermittent wetlands with limited hydrologic connections to deep aquifers, designated herein as Climate-induced Intermittent Wetlands (CiIWs). However, the response of CiIW systems to long-term climate variability has received limited research attention, partly because continuous ground surface monitoring data is rarely available over inter-decadal periods. An alternative to ground surface data is the use of satellite imagery to estimate the temporal water extent variability. An integrated remote sensing and modeling approach is presented here to provide a novel method for investigating historical water storage variations in a CiIW system. The new method estimates water levels in a shallow wetland using Landsat data and was successfully validated against field water level data. The new method performed better than five existing algorithms. A water balance model was calibrated using the combined remotely sensed and local field data to derive daily water level time series since 1900. The validated water balance model results indicated that most of the water level fluctuations in the intermittent wetland can be explained by climatic drivers and subsurface flow interactions. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of an integrated remote sensing and water balance modeling approach for hydroclimatic analysis of intermittent wetlands.

中文翻译：

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结合遥感和数值模拟来量化气候引起的间歇性湿地的水平衡

湿地是许多物种的重要栖息地，但在过去几十年中，生态系统的生物多样性和功能受到了威胁。由于水位浅且波动，湿地特别容易受到气候变化的影响。这对于与深层含水层水文联系有限的短暂和间歇性湿地尤其具有风险，在此称为气候诱导的间歇性湿地 (CiIW)。然而，CiIW 系统对长期气候变率的响应受到的研究关注有限，部分原因是在年代际期间很少获得连续的地表监测数据。地表数据的另一种替代方法是使用卫星图像来估计时间水域范围的变化。这里提出了一种集成的遥感和建模方法，为调查 CiIW 系统中的历史储水变化提供了一种新方法。新方法使用 Landsat 数据估算浅层湿地的水位，并成功地根据现场水位数据进行了验证。新方法的性能优于五种现有算法。结合遥感和当地现场数据校准水平衡模型，以推导出自 1900 年以来的每日水位时间序列。经验证的水平衡模型结果表明，间歇性湿地的大部分水位波动可以用气候驱动因素和地下流动相互作用。总体，