Domestic violence (social, legal, and health violence) is the most common type of violence against women. Due to factors such as the current quarantine, this type of violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of domestic violence against women and identify the risk factor among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This online cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 Iranian women during May–June 2020. Data were collected using a domestic violence questionnaire, which measured three forms of violence, including physical, emotional, and sexual violence. A link of the questionnaire was distributed among anonymous subjects through social networking apps, such as WhatsApp and Telegram. The subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire based on their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and a regression model. The descriptive results showed that the mean domestic violence against women in all the participants was 34.9 (SD: 17.28). In addition, 26.6% (n = 84), 26.1% (n = 53), and 21.2% of the subjects (n = 43) experienced high levels of physical, emotional, and sexual violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The regression model also indicated that lower age, illiteracy/primary education, previous marriage(s), and unwanted/unwise marriage were the significant risk factors for domestic violence against women. According to the results, domestic violence against women is common among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, strategies are urgently needed to prevent and minimize such domestic violence, and such strategies could be adopted through providing educational opportunities, raising awareness, promoting wanted/wise marriage, and providing social support and rehabilitation opportunities to vulnerable social groups, especially vulnerable women.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行期间伊朗妇女遭受家庭暴力的频率和决定因素：全国横断面调查


家庭暴力（社会暴力、法律暴力和健康暴力）是针对妇女的最常见的暴力类型。由于当前隔离等因素，此类暴力在 COVID-19 大流行期间有所增加。本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 大流行期间伊朗妇女遭受家庭暴力的频率并确定危险因素。这项在线横断面研究是在 2020 年 5 月至 6 月期间对 203 名伊朗妇女进行的。数据是通过家庭暴力问卷收集的，该问卷测量了三种形式的暴力，包括身体暴力、情感暴力和性暴力。调查问卷的链接通过 WhatsApp 和 Telegram 等社交网络应用程序分发给匿名受试者。受试者被要求根据他们在 COVID-19 大流行期间的经历完成调查问卷。使用描述性统计和回归模型进行数据分析。描述性结果显示，所有参与者遭受家庭暴力的平均数为 34.9（SD：17.28）。此外，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，分别有 26.6% (n = 84)、26.1% (n = 53) 和 21.2% (n = 43) 的受试者经历过严重的身体暴力、情感暴力和性暴力。回归模型还表明，年龄较低、文盲/初等教育、以前的婚姻以及不情愿/不明智的婚姻是针对妇女的家庭暴力的重要风险因素。结果显示，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，针对妇女的家庭暴力在伊朗妇女中很常见。 因此，迫切需要采取战略来预防和尽量减少此类家庭暴力，可以通过提供教育机会、提高认识、促进理想/明智婚姻以及为弱势社会群体，特别是弱势妇女提供社会支持和康复机会来采取此类战略。